Becketts superimposing Essay Example for Free

Becketts superimposing EssayOn the surface this exchange is witty and would have the audience laughing if well performed. However, when considering what theyre talking well-nigh it is slightly depressing the humour thusly turns much more sardonic and despairing. One is chair bound and the other is tormented by having to be perpetually on his feet. A little bit later on they have another exchange which shows their discontent and depression with these fact Hamm Nature has forgotten us. Clov there is no more nature The possibility of nature not existing gives the whole roleplay still further marrow. Are they living in the moment of a nuclear holocaust? If one does decide that the characters are living in a bunker avoiding the effects of a nuclear winter, then everything in the play is given extensive resonance and to call it meaningless would be ignorant. If Beckett did int give the sack the play to have this nuclear agenda, then it would explain Hamm saying towards the end of the play when Clov sees a little boy outside the house/bunker Its the end, Clov, weve come to the end The end Hamm refers to would be the end of the nuclear winter.The play, for one which has much(prenominal) elusive dialogues, has very strong themes. The strength of themes, I facial expression, is one of the things which makes it difficult to claim that Endgame has no meaning. One theme, which Beckett refers back to regularly throughout the play, is finishing. The background for Becketts choice of this word for this theme is the multitude of its possible meanings. The theme is so important it is presented in the opening moments of the play by Clov Finished, its finished, nearly finished, it must be finished. One could argue that the fact that Beckett chose a word, which has so many meanings, indicates that Beckett does not wish to imply any specific meaning what so ever. If this were true then one of the main themes of the play is meaningless thus providing substantial evi dence for the argument that Endgame has no meaning. I however disagree with this, everything in this play remains unfinished or incomplete even the characters bodies. I think Beckett is implying that the only thing that finishes everything is death. The only way to be complete is to die.I feel this is backed up by the following exchange Clov I couldnt finish you. Hamm Then you shant finish me. The design of the set also provides argument as to what the meaning of the play is. Beckett designed the set to accommodate many possible readings of the play. One could take it, as I mentioned earlier, as a nuclear bunker this would explain the ground level windows and the deformed characters. The acquaint setting has also been likened to a skull, the two windows being the eyes. If this were true the characters could represent the differing departments of the brain.In this reading the entire stage and production would be a metaphor for an ageing or dying mind evidence for this would be Cl ovs continual memory lapses and the death of Nell. In deduction I do find Endgame very resonant. There are many different ways of interpreting this play and Beckett invites this by the seemingly crimp dialogue. Becketts superimposing of his ability to write comical (if slightly obscure) dialogue on top of his contrary and nihilistic attitude to life creates a very amusing withal conceptually powerful piece of drama.

Unfair trade between developed and undeveloped countries

Unf transfer trade between developed and undeveloped countriesI come from Burma, where market economy has not developed much yet. So the country is in pristine beauty. The country is poor but it has a charm with which nothing gutter compete because it still possesses wide bea of forests, the piss in the rivers is pure and it smells very much like nature. This situation cannot be described to unity hearts content one has to see for oneself. When I came to Thailand, I was pleasantly surprised to see that the whole economy was fully open and passel can go shopping for every output one can possibly want (not-need). The Bangkok city is vibrant and skyscrapers be everywhere. For one instant, it is very impressive. Looking into the deep scene will present an another(prenominal) humbug.Thailand has co-ordinated itself into the knowledge base economy. In another world, it has been assimilated into the supranational trade system. Thailand imports a lot of products from different cou ntries and exports varieties of products back. Trading is an important aspect of this ontogeny country. When someone goes shopping, sometimes it is wicked to distinguish which product is from which country. Not long ago, the phrase made in a country is an important part of a product. For example, made in Thailand, or made in India matters. However, it does not matter anymore with the advance of globalization trade ne devilrk. The whole economic system is netted so confusingly. An American product will come from China and Japan product from Malaysia. Some raft argue that this is the result of free trade.Anti-globalization protesters argued that the volume of world trade has increased significantly since 1950 from $320 billion to $6.8 trillion. The amount of money invested in the trade has surged to the extent that the real money cannot be implied in the financial transactions. Digital numbers are represent as money instead of conventional one. Some people assert that trade lifte d peoples lives from poverty. People usu every(prenominal)y point to China where millions of people blush out of poverty line, even though Chinese government is still criticized for the stark contrast that exists in China between rich and poor.Some people still hope that trade will lift peoples lives out of poverty. However, when we talk about trade, we have to observe the bigger picture, which means international trade. Looking at one country will not give us a clear picture of actual happenings. The whole world is trading among nations under the supposition of free trade. So what actually is free trade? Britannica Online Encyclopedia defines free trade as a policy by which a government does not discriminate against imports or interferes with exports by applying tariffs (to imports) or subsidies (to exports). ( detached trade, BOE) It also explicitly emphasized that a free-trade policy does not necessarily imply that a country abandons all control and taxation of imports and expo rts.However, no matter how much people argue that the economic system established by the get together States by the end of siemens World War brings the concept of free trade and prosperity, there is a serious setback that affects the majority of the people in the world. International trade may bring about prosperity for the people in the rich countries but deepen the poverty in the poor nations. As Global Ministries Organization argues or so free trade placements are not equal and result in unfair trade practices by giving some countries, such as bragging(a) industrial countries like the United States, Canada and some countries in the European Union, more opportunities than others and putting some countries, such as ones in Latin America, Africa and Asia, at risk. Free trade is trade without restrictions while fair trade is an equitable and fair partnership between trading countries. (Global ministries organization, fair trade vs. free trade)In the past, the British establishe d unfair trade treaties with the countries across the globe. One of them would be the famous Bowring treaty that was forcefully established between Britain and Thailand in 1855. Nowadays there were different forms trade agreements. These include bilateral free trade agreements (FTA) between two countries and larger multilateral agreements such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), which is an agreement among 135 nations. There are also regional trade agreements which encompass the establishment of a free trade zone among many countries in the equivalent region. Countries across the globe establish several different kinds of trade agreements to support their economies.However, the rich countries are the ones that pursued aggressive trade negotiations with the other poor countries. social function of the United States Representative states on its homepage that Trade Agreements can create opportunities for Americans and help to grow the U.S. economy. At this moment one might want t o stop for a while and think. U.S. economy is the biggest economy in the world and it is also three or four times bigger than the second economy in the world now China, formerly Japan. Still, the U.S. is seeking to grow its economy which is a bit irony, because if this phenomenon is not affecting others, it is deemed to be appropriate however, as we will see in the later part of this paper, a lot of trade activities are not fair in relation to poor nations.The gap between developed countries and evolution countries is very big and some scholars conclude that this gap exists due to the unfair practices that are inherent in the system. For example, the U.S. controls their tariff system very high for other countries while forcing other peoples economies to open up so that American goods can be imported. In one mockery of US unfair trade practices, one analyst from Newsweek magazine outlines Fair (unfair) trade often consists of some politician or bureaucrat picking a number out of t hin air and imposing it on foreign businesses and American consumers. Fair (unfair) trade means that Jamaica is allowed to dole out the United States sole(prenominal) 950 gallons of ice cream a year, that Mexico may sell Americans only 35,292 bras a year, that Poland may ship us only 350 tons of alloy alsol steel a year and that Haiti is allowed to sell the United States only 7,730 tons of sugar. Fair (unfair) trade means permitting each American citizen to consume the equivalent of only one teaspoon of foreign ice cream per year, two foreign peanuts per year and one pound of imported cheese per year. Fair (unfair) trade means that the U.S. Congress can dictate more than 8,000 different taxes on imports, with tariffs as high as 458 percent.As we can see here, many developing countries are finding themselves unhelpful amid the American economic imposition. Most developing countries produce agricultural products and these products do not find any way out of their country to sell in other countries. In fact, they face misadventure to sell them in the developing countries because of high tariffs walls of the developed countries on the agricultural and manufactured goods they seek to sell. Worst of all, developed countries practice subsidizing game on their culture at a rate of $1 billion a day, which is a whole lot of money while developing countries spend very brusque money for agriculture even if it is their main economic sector. Therefore because of this money, agricultural producers in the developed countries can produce their goods below production cost and with overture to the markets of developing countries they are able to sell their produce at extremely low p sifts.This selling and exporting is ensured through trade agreements and trade negotiations.This unfair rival forces international prices to drop in an artificial manner and causes rural farmers in developing countries to collapse.This was how the U.S. defeated Burma in the rice market while Burma in 1960 was the biggest rice exporter in the world. U.S. now is still one of the biggest rice exporters in the world along with Thailand and Vietnam. At some point U.S. gave out free rice to people in Asia as development aid. This is a major blow to rice exporting countries. How can these countries negotiate with U.S. if they are this aggressive?Moreover, the US exports wheat at 46% below the production cost and corn at 20% below production.In May 2003, World Bank President James D. Wolfensohn verbalize that the average European cow receives more subsidies than the entire average income of a person in Africa. This means that topical anaesthetic producers can not compete in their own domestic markets and the result is major losses in income.Another major agricultural product is Coffee and again U.S is involved in this issue. It is declared that burnt umber is the worlds second most valuable traded commodity. There are about 25 million farmers and coffee workers in over 50 co untries that produce coffee. The United States largest food import and second most valuable commodity is coffee. The U.S. imported 2.72 billion pounds of coffee from September 2001 to September 2002. The U.S. imports coffee mainly from brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala and Vietnam. Unfortunately, many coffee farmers receive less money for their harvest than the cost of its production, forcing them into a cycle of poverty and debt. Why is that? The reason lies behind the corporations that sell and buy coffee from local people. In Guatemala for example, coffee pickers have to pick a 100-pound quota in order to get the minimum wage of less than $3/day. A recent instruction of plantations in Guatemala showed that over half of all coffee pickers dont receive the minimum wage, in violation of Guatemalan labor laws. Who is responsible for all these unfair practices? The antecedent causes will lie in the trade and the concept of comparative favor. Why do not these people farm paddy or wheat in the first place? It is because the idea of cash crop forces them to seek out dollars instead of survival crops.One major area against free trade and international companies is the issue of HIV medicines. Patent law in the international trade system is affecting dying people in the developing world. Pharmaceutical companies are producing HIV medicines with a high price so that people in the developing countries cannot afford it. Oxfam, a British NGO is trying to combat this issue. At an international level, they continue to challenge trade organizations, governments, drug companies, and others to make decisions that will help to improve the health of millions of poor people by providing access to inexpensive generic medicines.The seeming(a) issue is a major problem in the trading system. I am going to mention one specific story about US patent on the use of turmeric in wound healing. Graham Dutfield (2002) argued that the US Mississippi medical center received the to a higher place mentioned patent on the method of using turmeric in wound healing. As people would imagine, this patent laws have gone a bit too far. One point they did not know is that Indians have used this method to heal wounds since time immemorial. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India had to request the US patent and Trademark Office to revoke the patent on the basis that turmeric powder is widely known about and used in India for its wound-healing properties, and that a enormous deal of scientific research has been carried out by Indian scientists that confirms the existence of these properties. Finally, the patent was revoked. (p-65)As mentioned above, there are varieties of unfair trade practices in the international trading system. To address these issues require someone to have a look at the underlying philosophy of the whole economic system. The concept of comparative advantage has pushed a lot of countries to produce things which they do not actually need and afterwards trading has to be done. A case in point would be the coffee production, cotton production and tobacco production. In some instances, a lot of countries trade their produce at the expense of local population. Frances Moore Lappe and Joseph Collins (1988) argues that Brazil produced and exported soybeans to feed Japanese and European livestock at the cost of Brazilians hunger. (p-77). Likewise, Thailand traded cassava, frozen fruit and poultry products with the west and the rest of the world while Thai preschools are undernourished. (Lappe and Collins 1988 76-77)Most of the times, the national governments are involved in the exploiting the poor while engaging in the international trade. They exported food while people were esurient at home. It seems to me that these governments are orchestrating with the international economic system while ignoring the poor people. Encouraging the fair trade needs reconsidering a number of factors such as scrutinizing the trade tr eaties, pressuring the governments through civil networks groups and resisting the American hegemony when it comes to unfair trade.

Creating a GUI for ThermaKin2D

Creating a graphical user interface for ThermaKin2DTamfor DulinGraphical substance abuser interface argon used in OSX, Windows PC, and even on ph one and only(a)s and t suitablets. It is found on almost every technological device used by people from computer programmers to toddlers. GUIs (Graphical User Interface) have been processful over the days as well as it is going to be for the end product of this project. In general, GUIs simplify the use of an application so that it is user-friendly. Another subject that plays an meaning(a) role is combustion, which is an exothermic chemical substance answer, combustion is required to understand the enjoyment of this GUI. If it is hot enough the combustion can cause a blast. In this reaction there is a cycle in which the fuel is melted and afterwards burned to fuel the fire. This can be calculated to acquire an ideal crop of numbers that represent the flame but no one would understand such data and this is where the GUI comes into pl ace. In this project, a GUI leading be created for a problem solver that can calculate the flame dish out, the data calculated entrust be manipulated and opticized by the GUI, and this departing be able to help understand the results of the solver into a visual depiction.GUI (Graphical User Interface) is defined as, in computer science terms based on Harding, a visual operating display that the monitor presents on the monitor to the computer operator (Jansen, The Graphical User Interface.). GUIs act as mediator between the program and the user. GUIs are useful in technological devices in that they make understanding apps easy. GUIs are advantageous and increase usability as well as productivity send.It is a case of computer human interface on a computer that includes clickable inputs, a combination of icons, taskbars and other images so that a computer will be able to display these interfaces. This is more commonly k straightawayn as a Window, Icons, Menus, and a Pointer (W IMP)(Hinckley, Haptic Issues for Virtual usance). WIMP are instanter found in the majority of graphical interface. GUIs also are composed of a windowing system, an imaging model, and an application program interface (API). The WIMP is created by the windowing system. The imaging models determines the font and the image and partially produces the WIMP. Lastly, the API is the medium which the user tell the program on how the windows will appear (Jansen, The Graphical User Interface.).GUIs have simplified the complicated Command delineate Interface (CLI) which has a steep learning curve. It also, attempt to solve this blank shield problem. (Jansen, The Graphical User Interface.) This blank screen is caused by command lines and land (Disk Operating System) prompts which are interfaces in which the user types commands to execute certain tasks and are circumscribed with only prompts. CLI and DOS prompts tend to have blank screen and the user is expected to know what to do to proceed with the process. Unlike command lines and DOS prompts, the GUI guides the user to know what to do next, with prompts and indications. Unfortunately, GUIs are not as flexible and as powerful to control an application.GUIs have been used for more than 30 years. It all started out with the multiple researchers at Xerox PARC (Palo Alto look into Center), they created the first application with a GUI (Jansen, The Graphical User Interface.). The researchers were dedicated to creating the GUI before they started with application itself. This application was name Xerox Star, unfortunately it was in addition slow and commercially abortive. After the Xerox Star came Apple Lisa made by Steve Jobs and some hired researchers who previously created the Xerox Star. The Apple Lisa was still unwinnerful and this is when the Apple Macintosh finally was created (Jansen, The Graphical User Interface.). As it is still known and used today, the Apple macintoshs GUI was successful.After the success of Apple Macintosh many other common and modern GUI started to sprout. From the old transnational Business Machine (IBM) to X-Windowing System which developed to be now windows 7 or 8. Other than those GUIs, there was Linux (Operating system), UNIX (Uniplexed Information and Computer Science) and other Linux-based and UNIX-based operating system which come into place like android and iOS, respectively.Knowledge of a flame spread is vital. electrocution is a chemical reaction that releases heat or energy with a fuel and an oxidant, in most cases oxygen is the oxidant. through and through this reaction, a fire is formed which in turn makes a flame, the visible part of combustion. Flames have thickening, hard to predict movement because of the particular substance that is universe burned.To predict the flame spread, is one of the most complicated fire problems. Flame depends on the substance being burned and all its attributes which differ through severally substance. The size, densi ty, mass, shape, porosity, and if there are impurities cause the flame to react differently. This flame cannot not be easily predicted because if there was to be an experimental prediction, it would not have been faithful since the substance could have been slightly impure or any miscalculations. To have accurate measures it would have to be simulated in an ideal situation. Since flame spread is random and cause by unknown situations or situation caused by human error, it will easily be identified through simulations which would require chemical and physical properties to calculate how the flame would spread.To easily predict flame spread through simulations, ThermaKin2D will be used. It was created by the University of Maryland and Federal Aviation Administration. This solver is able to solve the rate of fuel production, heat transfer rate, fuel burn rate, and flame spread rate in a given substance of time by using the physical and chemical properties of the thermochemical decomp osing solid (Stoliarov, Levention, and Lyon, 1). The reason why this program was created was to be able to predict and understand flame reaping through models (1). The understanding of the calculation and chemical activity is crucial for predictions.Previously, there was a program called ThermaKin that would calculate the rate at which a pyrolyzing solid will burn, the fuel released during the process, changing mass, and energy conservation (1). The only problem with the ThermaKin was that it was mainly 1-Dimensional which means that it did not greatly represent a surface flame and it was limited since it could not simulate a flame spread. Using the data yielded from ThermaKin2D, one is able to make a 2D simulation of the data. ThermaKin2D is similar to ThermaKin but in a 2D perspective and an adaptable representation of a surface flame (1).This 2D visualization enhances the comprehension of the data being shown and it is a super accurate depictions of a flame. It is greatly flexi ble and can handle up to chemical activity of up to 30 first and second order reactions (Levention, platelike illustration of Burning for Pyrolyzable Solids).Each component is classified by density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, gas transfer coefficient, emissivity, and absorption coefficient ((Stoliarov, Levention, and Lyon, 1). It has been used in simulation of combusting non-charring and charring polymers in a cone calorimetry-type scenario. (1)The main features that separates ThermaKin2D from other solvers are a gas solid interaction formulation that enables gas driven sample simulations. Also is it a Monte Carlo based radiative heat transfer sub model and a versatile kinetics solver that can handle chemical mechanism consisting of up to 30 first and second order reactions. Its boundary condition is broad and it is able to handle most situations provided that you have the chemical and physical property. ( Leventon, Two-dimensional Model of Burning for Pyrolyzable Solids )Additionally, the purpose of ThermaKin was to have a model of thermochemical decomposition and combustion of complex polymers (Stoliarov, Levention, and Lyon, 1).Just as ThermaKin was for industrial, educational, facility, and personal uses, once a GUI has been created for ThermaKin2D, it will be used for the same purpose and more and be accessible to more people. Such example of the uses would be to create a model for combustion, as well as a pyrolysis model in 2D. Another example would be visualizing 2D simulation of a substance burning with the reactions and outcomes. With all these possibilities one may be able to test different substances with mixtures. This enables one to identify which substance is more flammable or is less conductive. Another example could be determining the rate at which fuel is produced which can be used in making candles. ThermaKin2D can be used in multiple ways but, without the GUI, many people would not be able to use it and reducing the rate at which ones house is burning would not have been easily accomplished.ThermaKin2D will need a graphical user interface because without it, it will be used by a small population or be complex to use in that you would have to remember each and every command. But the purpose of ThermaKin2D was for it to be used by anyone who need to study the flame on a substance. Also the GUI will be needed to convert the numerical data into graphs and simulations. In this case it will give the previously heedful data to the solver and the solver will yield data needed to simulate and visualize. ThermaKin2D will require a GUI because currently it is in a command line interface which is arcane. It has a blank screen and a prompt which only a few(prenominal) will be able to understand and indications will be required to know what to do when the program starts. The program will need a graphical interface for inputting the information so that the user will know when and where to place the information they need to give. Without the GUI, inputting and receiving data will be confusing, with a lot of numerical data and no images to easily identify what is going on in the calculations. Unfortunately the failure or success of the product is dependent on the GUI. Having a good GUI is important so that the user will not be frustrated. Also, it is not easy to tell if the GUI is easy and efficient.Overall ThermaKin2D is based on ThermaKin in which it will calculate the rate of fuel production of a thermally decomposing solid. In this project as previously mentioned, A GUI will be created for ThermaKin2D created by University of Maryland since it is now available in a command line interface and it is arcane, only the creators are the one to understand. In creating this GUI, it will help explain the useful purpose of GUI which make the application less complicated and not have someone take an aspirin after using an application. A good GUI design eliminates the complexity of the communication with th e computer system and the user to work directly on the problem at hand. Without this GUI only a few people will be able to use this ThermaKin2D and will not help the society as a whole.Works CitedHinckley, Ken. Haptic Issues for Virtual Manipulation Microsoft Research. Haptic Issues for Virtual Manipulation Microsoft Research. N.p., 1996. Web. 04 Oct. 2014.Hopp, T. Schwarzenberg, G.F. Zapf, M. Ruiter, N.V., A MATLAB GUI for the Analysis and Exploration of Signal and Image Data of an Ultrasound Computer Tomograph,Advances in Computer-Human Interaction, 2008 First world(prenominal) Conference on, vol., no., pp.53,58, 10-15 Feb. 2008Jansen, Bernard J. The Graphical User Interface. ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 30.2 (1998) 22-26. Print.Leventon I. T. Stoliarov S. I. Evolution of Flame to Surface Heat Flux during Upward Flame Spread on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Proceedings of the Combustion Institute vol. 34, pp. 2523-2530 (2013).Levy, Jr. Steven. Graphical User Interface (GUI) (computing).Ency clopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 20 Sept. 2014.Li, Jing, Junhui Gong, and Stanislav I. Stoliarov. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. Gasification Experiments for Pyrolysis Model Parameterization and Validation 74 (2014) 738-44. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. Elsevier, 30 July 2014. Web. 3 Sept. 2014.Miranda, Gutierrez M. THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHIC USERS INTERFACE, ANALYSIS OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE DESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN-COMPUTER interaction IATED Digital Library.THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAPHIC USERS INTERFACE, ANALYSIS OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE DESIGN IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION IATED Digital Library. N.p., 4 July 2011. Web. 4 Sept. 2014.Ogras, Hidayet, and Mustafa Trk. Utilizing Simulink and MATLAB Graphical User Interface in Modelling and Simulation of Chaos-Based Digital Modulation Techniques.International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education50.1 (2013) 19-33.ProQuest.Web. 15 Sep. 2014. Quintiere, James, Margaret Harkleroad, and Yuji Hasemi. Wall flames and implications for upward flame spread. Combustion Science and Technology48.3-4 (1986) 191-222.Quintiere, J. Q., and C. H. Lee. Ignitor and Thickness Effects on Upward Flame Spread. Fire technology 03 1998 18-38.ProQuest. Web. 24 Sep. 2014 .Smith, Scott T.MATLAB advanced GUI development. Dog spike Publishing, 2006.Stoliarov, Stanislav I., Isaac T. Levention, and Richard E. Lyon. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF BURNING FOR PYROLYZABLE SOLIDS. Tech. no. DOT/FAA/TC-TN12/59. U.S. Department of Transportation, Mar. 2013. Web. 25 July 2014.Tuck, Michael. The Real History of the GUI. SitePoint. Michael Tuck, 13 Aug. 2001. Web. 3 Sept. 2014.Wilder, Ron. Understanding the Basics of the Command cable Interface. MacAuthority 06 2004 6-9. ProQuest. Web. 1 Oct. 2014 .

Quantitative Methods for Historical Data Analysis

Quantitative Methods for Historical Data AnalysisThe use of quantitative methods for historical entropy analysis has become popularized by demographers, sociologists, social perception historians, and economic historians since the frugal History Association and the National Bureau of Economic Research conference on income and wealthy in 1957.1 In the past sextette decades, with the rapid development of computer information system and prevailing global Inter net, quantitative analysis is gradually drawing history research closer to light and helps intensify peoples understanding of history.The first historical tuition that utilizes the quantitative analysis of historical data is Emily Eriksons, Malfeasance and the Foundations for world(a) Trade The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833.2 In their 2006 article, Erikson and Bearman analyze that the growth and the global trade net run away of East India Company (EIC), 1601 to 1833, is mainly ascribed not to the e ntrepreneurial power of the company simply to that its individual agents acting in their own self-interest, often at the expense of the EIC.To investigate the practices of individual malfeasance, Erikson and Bearman use data based on the sufficient data of 4,572 voyages taken by EIC including the records of ships, ship logs, journals, ports, voyage schedules, ledgers, individual and corporate correspondences, financial records and books, receipts, registers of cargo, personnel, and armaments. Data from The Catalogue of the East India Companys Ships Journals and Logs, 1600-1834 and The Biographical index of East India Company ocean service officers 1600-1834 are used to demonstrate the carrying capacity of the EIC and the ports involved in the trade network.3 Evidence reveals that the EIC management created opportunities for the private traders that were involved in malfeasance and for the relationship mingled with EIC and the private traders. Evidence also shows how EIC managemen t identified the private traders, the captains on the ships, and who used company resources to conduct private trades for personal profits. In addition to the impacts on economics, the history of malfeasance can be associated with social, cultural, and political factors.By using this data, Erikson and Bearman trace EIC trade from its early access to the Silk Road to the crossing of the Indian Ocean and discovering of an all-water travel plan to Asia.4 Through the examination of individual ships port visits, Erikson and Bearman are able to develop a thesis that argues the personal ambitions of ships captains indirectly led to a more true globalized trade network.The second historical study that utilize the quantitative analysis of historical data is Tyler Anbinders Moving beyond Rags to Riches modern Yorks Irish paucity Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts (Anbinder 2012). In his 2012 article, Anbinder examines the financial conditions of impudent York Irish immigran t community in the nineteenth century. Rather than rely solely on the correspondences, employment records, and estimated assets, Anbinder uses a resource newly available to historians as of his writing the Irish immigrants saving accounts at the Emigrant Saving Bank. 5 Anbinder challenges the long-held beliefs of many historians that Irish immigrants, particularly the Famine immigrants, were urgently poor. Widely despised, and often subsisting on the bare edge of starvation.6 He argues that the Irish immigrants communities had optimistic chance of success based on the amount of coin in their saving accounts.7To examine the savings of New Yorks Irish famine immigrants, Anbinder and his students conducted a research study by creating a database of nine hundred depositors (both immigrants and non-immigrants).8 These were every which way chosen from among the first 18,000 accounts opened at the depository financial institution. Important factors examined include date of arrival in Ame rica, occupational distribution, and immigrants economic backgrounds in Ireland.9 Anbinder argues the findings that the saving figures were underestimated the immigrants true net worth because of an overlook of immigrants additional accounts, remittances to the family in Ireland, other kinds of assets (real estate, business investments, personal property), and the actual financial resources.10 Based on evidence, Anbinder acknowledges how the famine-era immigrant saved money from an unskilled air to a more profit-making category, own business, and/or using political connections to get higher-paying occupations.Anbinder illustrates a portrait of New York Irish immigrants using quantitative analysis of their bank records to draw discover simple and independent indicators is radically different from his colleagues. In addressing his peers in eth field, Anbinder states that it is the historians responsibly to discard entirely the rags-to-riches paradigm and instead reconceptualize how we think to the highest degree immigrant economic achievement in America.11 He urges historians to look more at savings rather than these other measures of economic achievement. Saving is much more dead on target measure of economic accomplishment, and the data is available, waiting to be explored. But it needs to be exploited soon because the records are quickly disappearing.12The third historical study that utilizes the quantitative analysis of historical data is the third chapter of Susie Paks Gentlemen Bankers The World of J. P. Morgan. In her book, Pak examines the inner working of the private banking sectors from the perspective of J. P. Morgan Co. Paks come along differs from other studies of the private bankers to compartmentalise their lives into economic, business, and social circles. Studying these circles, Pak argues, is problematic in that it obscures the context in which social choice and business decisions were made and instead, call for an integrated approach. Ra ther than writing a biography of the Morgans, Pak takes a broad view of the Morgans relationships, combining and drawing on the studies of the Morgans social and business relations that have come before it.13 She focuses on a history of their network, meaning it studies their relationships and how they were organized.14 In addition to broadening the parameters of the study, Pak uses quantitative methods to analyze historical data that helps verify some facts with results that have been mixed.In the third chapter of the book, Gentlemen Bankers, Pak examines the relationships amid J.P. Morgan Co. and the Jewish banking family of Kuhn, Leob Co.15 She argues that religion led to the rise of Jewish firms and influenced the social clubs to which certain successful bankers and lawyers belonged. To investigate how the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) and German-Jewish bankers were able to build trust and work together under the hostile anti-Semitism in America, Pak analyzes Morgans appointment books, social club ledgers, and patterns of residence within the neighbors as well as the syndicate partners. She points bulge out the structural and historical similarities were existed between Jewish and Yankee bankers, such as an unlimited liability private partnership, strong connections with European economic networks, shared triplex kinship ties and family marriages.16 She also argues that social separation significantly existed because of the cultural, religious differences, language barriers, and other historical trends.17 Starting in the nineteenth century, discrimination against the Jewish among Anglo-Americans occurred in institutions of higher learning and high society.18 Pak illustrates that Morgan and Jewish did not reside or congregate within the same social clubs or fraternities. However, in the nine to phoebe bird relationship that while Jewish and non-Jewish bankers were able to maintain their connection in downtown during the working hours, and yet the partners residences in uptown New York remained separated.19 Pak also points out not only anti-Semitism existed between Jewish and non-Jewish bankers, racial and gender discrimination against non-white immigrants and women was not usual in the financial world during the time.20Paks integrated approach analyzing the appointment books, social club ledgers, and the patterns of residence within the neighbors and the syndicate partners helps interpret and analyze historical evidence more effectively.1 North, Douglass C. Cliometrics-40 Years Later. The American Economic Review, 1977 412-414Two presentations by Alfred Conrad and John Meyer analyzing the history of the economies of U.S. and Canada in quantitative terms, on methodology (1957) and on the economics of slavery (1958), see also Conrad, A. H. and Meyer, J. R. Economic Theory, Statistical Inference and Economic History, Journal of Economic History 174 (Dec. 1957) 524-44 Conrad, A. H. and Meyer, J. R. The Economics of Slavery i n the Antebellum South. Journal of Political Economy 662 (April 1958) 95-130.2 Erikson, Emily. Malfeasance and the Foundations for Global Trade The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833. The American Journal of Sociology, 2006 195-230.3 Ibid. 2074 Ibid. 2005 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 7436 4 Oscar Handlin, Bostons Immigrants A Study in Acculturation (1941 Cambridge, Mass., 1991), 69, 55 Kerby A. Miller, Emigrants and Exiles Ireland and the Irish Exodus to North America (New York, 1985), 314-16, 321-22 Donald Harman Akenson, The Irish Diaspora A Primer (Toronto, 1993), 236-44 Kevin Kenny, Twenty Years of Irish American Historiography, Journal of American Ethnic History, 28 (Summer 2009), 67-69 Kenneth A. Scherzer, Immigrant Social Mobility and the Historian, in A Companion to American Immigration, ed. Reed Ueda (Malden, 2006), 374 E dward Ayers et al., American Passages A History of the United States (Fort Worth, 2000), 397.7 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 7438 Ibid. 7479 Ibid.10 Ibid. 75111 Tyler Anbnder, Moving beyond Rags to Riches New Yorks Irish Famine Immigrants and Their Surprising Savings Accounts, Journal of American History 99, no. 3 (2012) 74312 Ibid. 76913 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 414 Ibid.15 Chapter ternion Anti-Semitism in Economic Network, 81-10616 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambridge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 80-8217 Ibid. 86 The refusal of Joseph Seligman, to the Grand Union Hotel in Saratoga, New York, on the grounds that they were Jewish or to use the term of the hotel, Israelites,18 Susie J. Pak, Gentlemen Bankers The world of J.P. Morgan (Cambri dge, MA Harvard Unversity Press, 2013) 9519 Ibid. 8520 Ibid. 103-106

Frankenstein: Victor :: essays research papers

Frankenstein VictorVictor Frankenstein has always been fascinated by nature. By the timehe was in his late teens he was at a school of science. This school sparked hisobsession with recreating human life. This was not an easy task because of the tininess of the organs, etc, which forced him to design an oversized human,about eight feet tall. After many unhealthy months of labor, he finallyachieved his goal. The hideous creature sat up and grinned at Victor. Victorfled immediately.When he returned to his chamber he was happy to not find the monster. Twoyears passed and he got a letter from his father telling him his youngestbrother, William, had been murdered. He began his miserable trip back home. Onthe way home he saw a giant beast running from a barn. He accomplished this was hiscreation and he was the murderer. An innocent woman (framed by the Monster) anda great friend of Elizabeth (Victors cousin and future wife), was executed forthe murder. This devastated the family (especia lly Victor, who accused himself).He set of to consecrate an end to this creation.Victor finally met up with his monster in the mountains near a glacier.Here he listened to the monsters story. How he studied and grew to love thisfamily living in a cottage. He wanted so immensely to be a part of their loveand smiles. He learned their language and how to write (by listening to them study an Arabian relative). After a very long time he walked into the cottagewhen only the blind old man was there and tried to stand by him. He was verypersuasive until the children and the woman returned. The boy attacked theMonster. He could have killed the boy, but, out of love, ran. The family soonmoved leaving the Monster so incredibly dispirited and heart-broken that hesuddenly hated the human kind. But, most of all, he hated his creator formaking in the first place. He set out to Geneva, where he know Victor lived.He was almost there when he found a little boy. He thought he could makefriends with him (because of his young, unprejudiced mind) until he discoveredhe was the son of his hated creator. He murdered him, and took the boys locketand put it in the pocket of the soon-to-be-executed woman sleeping in a barn.At the terminus of his story he persuaded Frankenstein to create a femalefor him. In the middle of Victors progress of making the female he stopped,

Medical Research :: essays research papers

Medical interrogation OutlineI. IntroductionBeep Beep Beep The kernel varan beeps every time his heart does the boys face is unemotional to him its already over. As he sleeps next to him are all his family members many speechless and most in tears as they chink the 13 year old boys last moments. Hooked up to a breathing machine because his lungs are now useless he struggles for each breath and yet it still monitor stillbeeps beep but, all of a sudden without notice the beeps begin to come circumferent and closer together and then louder to where you here it down the hallway. The beeps become increasingly so close that its almost one perpetual sound and then without notice it becomes one. The monitors green line that at one point in time was bouncing is now a steady flat line some other life lost to cancer, what a shame. Medical research is essential to our way of life everyday people just as the one that I depict to you moments ago will lose their lives not just cause of canc er but because other afflictions such as AIDS, or as diabetes.II. Medical Research saves livesA. For example, vaccines for infirmitys are found only due to research1. John F. Enders found vaccine for polio in 1954 2. Since polio vaccinations outbreaks declined from 57,879 to just a few each yearB. In addition, the American virologist Albert Sabin developed the oral vaccine 1. The trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) was licensed in 19602. (TOPV) replaced the Salk injectable vaccine as the standard immunizing agent in the United States. C. Furthermore, viruses like yellow fever have almost been wiped out 1. Walter Reed found that yellow fever is transfer through mosquitoes 2. Through sanitation yellow fever was virtually exterminated since 1901D. Due to research like this viruses such as these will hopefully never comebackIII. Some diseases can be more easily cured or eradicatedA. For example, Alice C. Evans discovered that raw cow milk has a deadly disease called bacilluss.1. Now all milk intended for human consumption has to be pasteurizedB. In addition, Rene J. Dubos French-born American bacteriologist 1. Noted for his major contribution to antibiotics2. He also developed penicillin and other antibiotics like streptomycin and tetracyclines.C. Furthermore, scientist Ferdinand Cohn 1. Discovered the nature and principal of bacterial spores2. One of his most famous findings is that of anthraxD.

Gang Violence Essay -- essays research papers

Gang Violence Nowadays gangs are big issues in America. People who are in gang feel like they belong some where and throng care about them. There are various reasons people join gangs, and almost all age group between ages 12-40 are involved in gangs. One of the big reasons people join gangs is because of their needs, protection, and also they hope attention from people around them. Gangs should be taken seriously because todays gangs are more violent and brutal and consequently they were in 60s. Gangs do more violent act every day and if police dont do anything about gangs then it provide be hard to control the gangs in the future. Today gang is a big issue when it comes to steeling and money. Usually young kids ages between 13-18 steel more then the older gang member who are eighteen and older. Once the kids start steeling they want more and more things like CD players, walkman, clothes, school supply, games, music, movies and whatever the kids could press their hands on. Al so money is the biggest job in the world because even if people have enough money they want more. But money problem was different for Luis because his family didnt have much money and they lived in a poor neighborhood. So Luiss mom told Luis to start working somewhere when Luis was solitary(prenominal) nine year old. Later Luis started to work with his mother and helped out the family bit. Then Luis met Yuk Yuk who was older then him. Yuk Yuk taught Luis and his ...