Gang Violence Essay -- essays research papers

Gang Violence Nowadays gangs are big issues in America. People who are in gang feel like they belong some where and throng care about them. There are various reasons people join gangs, and almost all age group between ages 12-40 are involved in gangs. One of the big reasons people join gangs is because of their needs, protection, and also they hope attention from people around them. Gangs should be taken seriously because todays gangs are more violent and brutal and consequently they were in 60s. Gangs do more violent act every day and if police dont do anything about gangs then it provide be hard to control the gangs in the future. Today gang is a big issue when it comes to steeling and money. Usually young kids ages between 13-18 steel more then the older gang member who are eighteen and older. Once the kids start steeling they want more and more things like CD players, walkman, clothes, school supply, games, music, movies and whatever the kids could press their hands on. Al so money is the biggest job in the world because even if people have enough money they want more. But money problem was different for Luis because his family didnt have much money and they lived in a poor neighborhood. So Luiss mom told Luis to start working somewhere when Luis was solitary(prenominal) nine year old. Later Luis started to work with his mother and helped out the family bit. Then Luis met Yuk Yuk who was older then him. Yuk Yuk taught Luis and his ...

Binge Drinking Freshmen :: Personal Narrative College Papers

Binge Drinking FreshmenEmily* is a typical female college student on the outside, with a shocking taradiddle hidden on the inside. Emily began drinking before most students rode on their first bus discipline bus At the age of 4, Emily wasnt given candy, entirely alcohol instead. As an incentive for repeating words back to her aunt she was given red wine. As Emily got older, her mother brought her to family parties, oblivious to what was going on. At these parties, Emily would typically drink scotch or whiskey, provided to her by the older men in the family. When 6th grade rolled around, Emily began drinking with friends, sneaking it into her room for sleepovers. High school was the same idea, although now, Emily consistently found herself drinking al integrity in the mornings, even before going to school. After graduation, Emily left home in D.C. for Bostons Northeastern University. She described her first year in the city of Boston.I went all out I didnt have to worry about havi ng my mamma catch me drunk, I drank as much as I wanted to, whenever I wanted, she said.While, going all out, Emily made other bad decisions, as a result of her bad drinking habits.I slept with a couple guys and never used protection. I had to use the Morning after pill on one occasion.Even after testing herself for HIV and other STDs, she continued to binge drink every weekend. This went on until last fall, when she nearly lost her life exit a bar downtown. It was a cold, dark, rain driven late night/early morning in Boston and Emily wanted nothing more than to go home to bed. Yelling obscenities after leaving the bar, she was hit by a cab. Her head slammed into the pavement and she had a seizure. Her friends called 911 immediately and she was rushed to the hospital. After spending a few days in the hospital, Emily realized like always after a night of drinking that she was having trouble remembering the details. Only this time, things were different, she told me she couldnt tra ck short/long-term memories or even remember things in her past. Emily decided to take a look at her life, ultimately realizing she wasnt happy with herself. insentient turkey appeared to be her only option with alcohol at the time and she gave it a shot.Even with stories such as these being published in newspapers end-to-end the country on a daily basis,

The Marshall Plan Essay -- George C. Marshall The Marshall Plan Essays

The Marshall Plan First and foremost, a great deal of Europes success would not have happened without its initial care from the United responsibilitys. After helping destroy so much of the continent, the U.S. pumped millions and billions of dollars back into the European economy through The Marshall Plan. It was named after Secretary of State George C. Marshall, who said The world of suffering people looks to us for leadership. Their thoughts, however, are not concentrated alone on this problem. They have more immediate and terribly insistency concerns where the mouthful of food will come from, where they will find shelter tonight, and where they will find warmth. Along with the great problem of maintaining the peace we must sack up the problem of the pittance of food, of clothing and coal and homes. Neither of these problems can be solved alone. (DeLong) In the first two post-World War II years the U.S. contributed through this plan, nigh four billion dollars a year to relief and reconstruction. The Marshall Plan continued these flows at comparable rates and was a multi-year commitment. From 1948 to 1951, the U.S. contributed $13.2 billion to European recovery. $3.2 billion went to the United Kingdom, $2.7 billion to France, $1.5 billion to Italy, and $1.4 billion to the Western-occupied zones of Germany (DeLong). An astounding $15.5 billion had been provided to Europe before the Marshall plan was enacted (Wegs, 66). The availability of Marshall Plan aid gave European countries a pool of resources that could be used to cushion the wealth losses sustained in restructuring. Countries that received large amounts of money from the Marshall Plan invested more. Countries could grease ones palms the amounts of coal, cotton and petroleum needed (all of these were in short supply) when needed because of Marshall Plan aid. Great Britain used the Marshall Plan aid to retire universal debt (DeLong). The Marshall Plan did have strings attached however. Countries had to agree to balance government budgets, restore internal financial stability, and stabilize exchange rates at realistic levels. Marshall plan aid was available only if Europe was committed to the mixed economy with the market playing a large secernate in the mix (DeLong). On their own, some countries were able to rebuild or repair slightly damaged factories and warehouses. Contrary to popular belief, factories... ...re slow to get into the car production game. They refused to merge with other companies, instead vying to produce many kinds of automobiles, none of which got a great deal of market share. None until the Mini came along, breaking from gray-haired traditional large British cars, creating a new craze (Wegs, 77-78). Not all was utopian forever in Europe though. All good things for the most part come to an end, and in the 1970s, the economy began to flounder. But for nearly twenty years, the western portion of Europe rebounded from nothingness, surged in no time, flourished for many years, became a major pseud in the economic world once again, and truly rose like a phoenix from the ashes of war. Works CitedDeLong, J. Bradford, The Economic History of the Twentieth Century Slouching Towards Utopia? (University of atomic number 20 at Berkely and NBER http//www.j-bradford-delong.net/TCEH/Slouch_Present19.html , 1997) .Kindleberger, Charles P., The One and Only Marshall Plan, National Interest, Vol. 11, 113-115. Wegs, J. Robert and Ladrech, Robert, Europe Since 1945 A Concise History, 4th ed. (Boston St. Martins Press, Inc., 1996) 3, 12, 45-47, 65-79.

Music Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay -- Post-traumat

1. INTRODUCTION A Person toilettenot be diagnosed with PTSD without having experienced a traumatic event. (Hunt and McHale, 2010, p.13). The purpose of this essay is to discuss how medication Therapy can be used to help veterans suffering from PTSD to cope with their traumatic experiences and manage their symptoms. I will define PTSD, then in progress detail explore and explain how music therapy can be used to treat and manage the symptoms of PTSD. Finally, I will evaluate if Music Therapy is a suitable intervention for helping veterans treat the symptoms of PTSD. This essay will explore the perspectives of music therapists including Julie Sutton and Gary Ansdell and research of Psychologists Paul Gilbert, Nigel Hunt and Sue Mchale.2.1 DEFINITION OF PTSD Psychologists Hunt and McHale (2010, p.20) present that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)In order for some ace to be classified as having PTSD, there must be 1)a traumatic event2)intrus ive re-experiencing3)avoidance and general numbing4)hyper arousal5)problems stemming from these symptoms at work and home6)a minimum duration of one monthThis definition is helpful in providing a music therapist with a clear classification system to decide whether a veteran organism referred to them, is displaying symptoms related to PTSD. 2.2 THE USE OF ACTIVE LISTENING TO PROMOTE DIAPHRAMATIC BREATHING According to Whealin, De Carvhalo and Vega (2008, pp.22-25)When we have survived extremely stressful or dangerous situations, the amygdala can chicken feed to be overactive. That is why when veterans return from war, they often feel alarmed even when they are not in danger. There are a number of skills you can ... ...a Kingsley Publishers, pp.13-75.Bunt, L. and Hoskyns, S. (2002) The Handbook of Music Therapy. London Routledge, pp.190-195.Bunt, L. (1994) Music Therapy An Art Beyond Words. London Routledge, pp.171-175.Bright, G. (1997) Wholeness in Later Life. London Jessica Kings ley Publishers, pp.119-123. Gilbert, P. (2010) Compassion Focused Therapy. London Routledge, pp.135-145.Hunt, N.C. and McHale, S. (2010) savvy Post Traumatic Stress. London Sheldon Press, pp. 13-25.Jones, E. and Wessely, S. (2005) Shell Shock to PTSD. Hove Psychology Press, pp.215-220.Sutton, J.P (2002) Music, Music Therapy and Trauma International Perspectives. London Jessica Kingsley Publishers, pp.231-257.Whealin, J.M., Decarvahlo, L.T. and Edward, M.V. (2008) Clinicians Guide to Treating Stress After War. New-Jersey privy Wiley and Sons, pp.20-30.

The French Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

The French RevolutionThe years before the French Revolution (which started in 1789 AD.) wereones of vast, unexpected change and confusion. One of the changes was thedecline of the power of the distinguisheds, which had a tough impact on the loyalty ofsome of the nobles to King Louis XVI. Another change was the increasing powerof the newly established middle class, which would result in the monarchy becoming obsolete. The angry and easily manipulated peasants, who were used bythe bourgeoisie for their own benefit were another significant change, andfin ally the decline of the traditional monarchy, that for so long had ruled,were all factors to the main point that the French Revolution was caused by a policy-making base, with social disorder and economic instability contri notwithstandinging tothe upheaval. All of the sub-factors relate with one-another, but are separatein their own ways.For centuries, the French noble was well set in society. He foundprosperity and security in the rare regime, and all he had to do was pay homageto the king, and provide the king with his services. This all came to a gradualstop, however beginning with the loss of the nobles power everywhere their own landat the hands of Louis XIV.1 This was the foundation of the revolte nobiliairein the fact that it formed a basis of mistrust, and anger for the monarch.2 Inthat time the feudal schema was still being practiced, so social status wasbased on the amount of land you could attain. With no land, the nobles sawthemselves to be as common as the common folk. Even in their arrogance they sawthat they were losing power. The next blow to the pride of the nobles came fromLouis XV, who passed a bill to let wealthy commoners purchase prominent floater inpolitical and social positions. This event shows how corrupt and money hungrythe government had become, by letting anyone get high up in the political chainjust by feeding the gluttonous king. The next king, Louis XVI saw that themajority of France (75%) was peasants and serfs. Consequently, to try to ensuretheir happiness (and prevent the Revolution), he had the Estates-General abate the feudal system, in which they held no ranking.4 This made thenobility extremely unhappy. With no feudal system, they no longer were muchhigher up politicly than the commoners. The next noble atrocity came with LouisXVI making the nobles pay taxes. Ever since... ...hat the monarch was untouchable. Seeing ashow Louis was to get his head chopped off, that resolution may not gull been agood idea. To make things even more equal and just, the commoners had one of thethree votes his Estates-General. This meant fair representation, but it alsomeant that the nobles were upset with their decline of power and the commoners treasured more of their new-found power. All of these ideas seem to be good ones,but ones that would, and did harm his position. One evidently bad move was tointemperately tax everyone. The peasants were already heavily tax ed, so they were thenbrought to famine, the nobles were never taxed before and consequentlydisgruntled and the middle class just did not like it. If Louis XVI were alivetoday he would probably be a good politician-too bad the people were not readyfor him in 1789.Historians have argued for centuries over what started the FrenchRevolution some submit economics, some say politics some say the change of socialstructure. The only logical answer, then is that it was a little (or a lot) ofall three, resulting in the decline of nobility, the rise of the middle class,the anger of the peasants and the fall of monarchy.

Heart of Darkness :: essays papers

Heart of Darkness Life in London set a cushion for its citizens, with solid pavement under your feet, surrounded by kind neighbors ready to cheer you or to fall you, stepping delicately between the butcher and the policeman, in the holy terror of scandalisation and gallows and lunatic asylums. On the other hand, once a man enters the Congo, he is all alone. No policeman, no warning voice of a kind neighbor, -- no one. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness sets Marlow on a journey in the Congo, where he realizes the environment he comes from is not reality, but an illusion hiding received human nature. His arrival at the First Station is his first exposure to the Congo where a horrid reality and nave mentality is revealed -- a similitude of darkness and light.The chosen passage falls in the beginning of the narrative to set a picture of what to expect at upcoming stations. Marlow leaves London, his home, and his Aunt to give-up the ghost to his first stop on the Congo River th e First Station. Here, Marlow begins to realize the unspeakable horror that exists. Six black men advanced in file I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected together with a reach whose bights swung between them. Marlow disapproved of what he saw and chose to avoid the six men. After his encounter with the gang, he meets the Chief Accountant, a well-dressed, tidy man, whom he admires. I respected his collars his carriage was certainly that of a hairdressers dummy but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. Thats backbone. (Pg. 227) patronage the dehumanization surrounding them, there still stands a man who can present himself properly. The first chapter of the novel is framed to present life in London, then contrasting it with a picture of the savage Congo, and finishing by showing that civilized life can still exist in the jungle. phrase plays two pertinent rol es in the passage to produce tomography and to label objects or people. Diction reflects the extent of the contrasting light and darkness of the station that the imagery creates. In the midst of mounds of turned-up earth by the shore a waste of excavations, Marlow notes a blinding sunlight drowned all this at times in a sudden recrudescence of glare.

Heart of Darkness :: essays papers

kindling of Darkness Life in London set a cushion for its citizens, with solid pavement under your feet, environ by kind neighbors ready to cheer you or to fall you, stepping delicately between the butcher and the policeman, in the holy terror of scandal and gallows and lunatic asylums. On the other hand, once a man enters the Congo, he is all alone. No policeman, no warning voice of a kind neighbor, -- no one. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness sets Marlow on a journey in the Congo, where he realizes the environment he comes from is not reality, but an illusion hiding true human nature. His stretch at the First Station is his first exposure to the Congo where a horrid reality and nave mentality is revealed -- a comparison of darkness and light.The elect passage falls in the beginning of the narrative to set a picture of what to expect at upcoming stations. Marlow leaves London, his home, and his Aunt to travel to his first power point on the Congo River the First Station. Here, Marlow begins to realize the unspeakable horror that exists. Six black men advanced in file I could see each rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected together with a chain whose bights swung between them. Marlow disapproved of what he saw and chose to avoid the six men. After his encounter with the gang, he meets the Chief Accountant, a well-dressed, tidy man, whom he admires. I respected his collars his appearance was certainly that of a hairdressers dummy but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance. Thats backbone. (Pg. 227) Despite the dehumanization border them, there still stands a man who can present himself properly. The first chapter of the novel is framed to present life in London, then severalise it with a picture of the savage Congo, and finishing by showing that civilized life can still exist in the jungle.Diction plays two apt roles in the passage to produce imagery and to label objects or people. Diction reflects the extent of the contrasting light and darkness of the station that the imagery creates. In the middle of mounds of turned-up earth by the shore a waste of excavations, Marlow notes a blinding sunlight drowned all this at times in a sudden recrudescence of glare.

Assignment – Job Fair Brochure Paper

Management endlessly encourages our employees to work hard, be creative, be responsible, positive, be respectful of other employees and management, and to ceaselessly be team-players. These traits never go unnoticed or unrewarded, Employees be evaluated every six months and given appropriate bonuses for going above and beyond the Mullen In an one-year basis. Additionally, our employees enjoy two weeks of vacation pay, an employee stock purchase program, 401 k with federation match, and excellent health and dental insurance.The management team at X al personal manners keeps the door open for employees to share new ideas, concerns or problems with them. These meetings always remain private so that employees know they are in good hands. Structure Our company is divided Into deferent departments or functions in which there is a lead or manager in charge of for each one function that reports to the Site Manager, possessor and the founder of X, Mr.. BBC. First, there are manufacturi ng operators who are In charge of manufacturing each piece before It Is sent to the customer.These operators work together from start to finish, each with specific duties that must be done before their work is passed on to the next person. The QUA supervisor inspects each finished piece to be sure it is make up and then they sign off once it is approved. Then the finished pieces are either delivered directly to the customers via ground transportation or air depending on their location, or taken to the storage area where it is stored to maintain the stock with safe quantities to fulfill customers demand.On the sales department, sales personnel are in charge of handling customers emails or alls and help them to neaten their custom orders. The sales people are in charge of customer satisfaction, sales, prepare custom orders, and passing on custom orders to the designers to prepare the molds for them. The sales manager oversees all of these functions very closely. Managers from all ar eas meet together daily to report to one another and to be sure work Is world done In the most effectual manner. All managers are expected to keep the site manager Informed of any Issue and they report to him most daily.Business Model In order for the company to sustain and generate revenue, X believes in creating high-quality recycled paper products that our customers need and we make every attempt to keep our prices competitive. We ecstasy custom-made products for our customers to ensure they are getting exactly what they want guaranteed. We strive to keep the price of all supplies the company buys low, by negotiating with the same suppliers we have worked with since twenty-four hour period one. Our suppliers are only twenty miles from our warehouse therefore we do not pay high prices for shipping and handling.We never compromise on product quality, and our customers are aware of it. Our advertising is done by our marketing department but mostly for our international customer s. Locally, word of mouth by our satisfied customers is the primary way of marketing, so this saves our company on advertising every year. Employees are competent and well-trained and they work together in creating these products and are trusted to be responsible and efficient at all times. They are encouraged to share new ideas that may increase sales and company profitability and are rewarded accordingly.Our employees have very conform to and rewarding careers therefore our employee turn around rate remains very low. How will these choices impact my business? Here at X we believe that a strong, healthy, tight knit crew is the key to the company success. Each function has strong communication among and between them, for that reason there are few discontinuous issues of miscommunication. We believe that our customers are the key to keep us alive as a company and to our success thus, we make every effort to keep them satisfied.

Avalon Destorying

A sense of be Is what any teenagers seek unwrap wealth high school. Destroying valor by Kate MacAfee takes us through the Journey of the main character Valor, her move to a new school and her struggle to make friends. either the characters within the novel seem to be struggling for a sense of belong, making it a strong theme of the novel.Valor, Jukes and Alice are the three main characters who all face with the dilemma of belonging and being accepted. In regards to Valor it is her need to progress forward socially which only ends when she develops a strong sense of belonging in the Z group. However with Jukes the desire to belong never ends, her cyber bullying campaign is only a means for her to gain a sense of belonging with her online followers.Alice on the other hand has to maintain her position and sense of longing always following the example of the other girls In her group by bulling the students infra her socially. It Is through Valor that the need to belong and be accep ted Is first presented. Valor within the novel moves from a place where she Is captain of the hockey squad and member of the swimming squad to a school where she is stuck in the Z group of Queers and Weirdoes. She is constantly in the beginning of the novel trying to get out of the bottom group so that she no longer has toBullying is a problem that seems to have become more vicious with the invention of social networking technology. The novel Destroying Valor by Kate MacAfee explores the theme of cyber bullying and its consequences through the character positionl. Marshall Is the best friends of the main character in the novel, Valor It Is she who Is Initially cyber bullied however the focus shifts to Marshal during the novel. Marshall, who Is confused about his sexuality, Is unable to cope with the bullying and In the end

Goals Of Human Service Essay

A human service practiti onenessr is a professional who acts as an agent to sanction and or empower individuals, groups, families and communities to prevent, alleviate or better cope with crisis, change and stress to change them to function more effectively in all beas of carriage and living. It must seem like that would be hard to earn a degree in a field that involves so much, right? GUESS WHAT? It is non hard to earn a degree in Human Service nor is it a career that is difficult if you love helping others succeed and wish to remedy society. The following brochure will walk you through what it takes to become an outstanding human service providerThe goal of the human service professional is to enable people to live more satisfying, and more productive lives, through the utilization of societys knowledge, resources, and technical innovations. Of course there are major characteristics that one must have to help reach these goals-Empathy Patience Understanding Strong work ethic- Effective helpers are also sensitive to culture and religion competent to work among and understand diversityABOVE ALL, A GREAT HUMAN SERVICE PROVIDER DEVOTES THEIR LIFE TO HELPING OTHERS Major generic knowledge, skills and attitudes that appear to be required in all human service work. The training and preparation of the individual worker within this framework will change as a function of the work setting, the specific client population served, and the level of organization work. Understanding the nature of human systems individual, group, organization, community and society, and their major interactions. Knowing the conditions which promote or limit optimal functioning and classes of deviations from desired functioning in the major human systems. Skill in identifying and selecting interventions which promote growth and goal attainment.Because so umteen human services jobs involve direct contact with people who are impaired and therefore vulnerable to exploitation, employers try to be selective in hiring. Applicants are screened for appropriate personalqualifications.

Current Economic Development of Oil Exporting Countries

Current economic development of petroleum exporting countries. (by the font of Saudi Arabia) Introduction3 OPEC and inunct sets. 4 History4 Common development problems of OPEC member countries6 Saudi Arabia8 History8 Economic development9 Main goals9 Role of the government10 New industry sectors10 Private sector11 Foreign labor11 neighborly and politic structure12 Conclusion14 Literature15 Introduction. The subject of this research is the economy and society of the rock oil-exporting countries while the topic can be draw as current economic development of the oil-exporting countries and their prospects.As the best employment we have chosen Saudi Arabia. The oil-exporting countries ar important players on the world market. They can set up oil expenses reducing or increasing extraction place, and mostly this is the only panache they get money for their budgets, oil deposits have enormous influence on their economy. Thats what is c wholeed Dutch illness and what their bigg est problem is. Some measures in many fields should be taken to get rid of this disease, to change economic and br otherly structure, to make a swop to new phase in their development.This statement constitutes the thesis of this term-paper. The general purpose of this research is to experience common stages and common problems of oil-exporting countries development, try to explain them and suggest nigh solutions. The goals can be determined as the following 1. To look at the OPEC, its history and common problems of the Member Countries to follow the interconnectedness between oil price and prosperity of the oil-exporters. 2. To con typefacer brief history of Saudi Arabia for better understanding of that realm. . To estimate the role of the government, private sector, new industry sectors, foreign labor and social and politic structure in economic development to show current situation and topical problems in each these spheres. 4. In conclusion try to look the possible bearin gs of further development. This term-paper can be used for further research in this sphere. OPEC and oil prices. Today oil is natural resource that has great influence on the development of oil-producing countries standardised Russia or the OPEC countries.If a farming exports huge amount of oil its price determines budget of the country, political situation, prices for a entire range of veraciouss. Its so because oil isnt just raw material for gas pedal production, also for plastics, construction materials and so on. Many oil-exporting countries can set up oil prices reducing or increasing extraction rates, and in the same time no one in the modern world can live without gasoline or electricity. So, we can say that oil is a race in which the main(prenominal) targets atomic number 18 power and money, huge sum of money.But sometimes oil exporters go to the extremities their budgets depend only on oil prices, in fact this field is a real money spinner. Thats how the Dutch disea se begins. A good example could be the OPEC countries. OPEC has the biggest oil deposits in the world (almost 80%) and they play a crucial role in oil pricing. This organization controls extraction rates (what leads to controlling of oil prices), foreign policy and strategy of Member Countries. Thats why wed like to consider OPEC itself, its history and common problems. History.The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a cartel of 12 countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. The organization has maintained its headquarters in Vienna since 1965, and hosts regular meetings among the oil ministers of its Member Countries. T he OPEC Member countries came together to form this inter discipline organization with several aims. Some of the aims atomic number 18 To protect the interest of the member countries. To make sure that the price of petroleum products do non chan ge much. To make certain a regular supply of petroleum oil to other countries. To make sure that member countries get suitable income from sale of oil products. To decide policies to follow relating to production and sale of petroleum oil. However, OPEC has not always been able to achieve all these aims. Venezuela was the offset printing country to move towards the nerve of OPEC by approaching Iran, Gabon, Libya, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in 1949, suggesting regular and closer communication among oil-producing countries.It was a topical question because all oil-exporting countries were utilise by such corporations as British Petroleum, Chevron, Exxon, Gulf, Mobil, Royal Dutch, Shell and Texaco, which controlled crude oil refining worldwide. These corporations organized a cartel and reduced procural prices. Initially the OPEC wasnt taken into account. Europe and the U. S. didnt believe than Arabic governments could find a compromise and reduce extraction rates. Honestly speaking fir st 10 years wasnt really successful for OPEC.But in the 1970-s with help of 1973 oil crisis, Arab-Israeli conflict and second crisis in 1979 OPEC transformed into important political and economic force. By the way world part of OPEC is a huge responsibility. High oil prices are the consequence of low extraction rate. But if one country in seeking of risqueer incomes tries to sell a little bit much than its quota is, then price goes down even for those countries that did e genuinelything right. Nowadays oil prices are still high in comparison with 1990-s (when normal price per barrel was 22-28 dollars), besides since June 2008 they have dramatically fallen, as it is shown on the graph below.The war in Iraq and increasing necessary in Asian-Pacific Region, particularly in India and China that are consuming large amount of fuel, can be named as a reason for such growth. leastwises the OPEC countries still have their problems and many of them are much the same because of cult ural, historical, governmental and economical similarity, some countries almost overcame them and others didnt. Most illustrative will be the example of Saudi Arabia as the country having the biggest oil deposits in the world. Common development problems of OPEC member countries. Below is the list of the typical problems which OPEC countries usually face.Not long agone Arabic countries were under the reign of the USA and Europe, which exploited their resources leaving countries themselves underdeveloped. In the end of XX century e very(prenominal)thing changed. Briefly the scheme of their development could be described this way 1. Dependence on western countries. 2. 1970-s crises. Inflow of petrodollars. 3. Euphoria, thoughtless(prenominal) investments and projects. 4. Attempt to create a new type of social structure. 5. Admitting mistakes, appearing of new aims like development of different industry sectors, not only oil-extracting.All these periods have their common difficulties. Firstly, Arabic countries fell behind all developed countries and because of their cultural rarity werent ready to radical innovations which were so needed. Women are still not interested in education almost 50% of them are illiterate. By the way it is one of the crucial problems in such countries the lack of educated people, especially with higher technical education, consequently appears deficit of well qualified workers on the plants and other enterprises. Employees were absolutely not ready to start working on advanced equipment.Thats way many executive positions are occupied by foreign specialist, what isnt very good option for the country. Second main problem is the Dutch disease too strong dependance on one industry sector. Budget, living standards, national projects all these depends only on oil prices, which are not always foreseeable and controllable. For example too warm winter reduces consumption of fuel, what reduces oil pray and consequently oil price. Many other factors have the same influence, and all of them hit oil-exporters, making them too vulnerable.In Saudi Arabia 85% of budget are petrodollars, so its clear how important for them oil price fluctuations are. And the last important problem is that government not always can make reasonable investments. Arabic sheikhs started huge constructions and projects to the glory of the country which were usually unprofitable. Only later this wish to spend money became weaker and investments much useful. Actually, these are main difficulties of OPEC countries. In every oil-exporting country governments more or less success fully tried to find proper solutions to these problems. Saudi Arabia. History.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an Arab monarchical state. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red S ea to its west. It has an estimated population of 27. 6 million, and its size is approximately 2,150,000 solid kilometers. Today it is one of the few fastest growing countries in the world with a high per capita income of $20,700 Some figures Population 27,601,038 (0. 3% of world population) Density 11/km2 Urban population 80%GDP (2007) $555,055 billion Oil resources 261. 2 billion barrels, 26% of world oil resources (amount that is enough for 86 years of consumption) decline rate 8 million barrels per day. Among Arabic countries Saudi Arabia is the richest, because its oil deposits are the biggest, like its OPEC quota. Country itself isnt very big, but population is growing. Literacy rate is very low only 63% and it is very serious problem, as was said earlier. Economic development. As it was mentioned, economy of Saudi Arabia depends on oil market and its unattainable to analyze it without taking into account oil industry.Because of oil export and money inflow this country mad e visible leap in development and directly some indexes are just like in Europe or in the U. S. Society is exploitation too, leaving behind prejudices. Main goals. There are three main goals for the state 1. GDP growth 2. Diversification of national economy. 3. Development of human resources. These goals were set 30 years ago and still being a topical question. But a lot of efforts were put to reach these goals. For example in 1970 GDP was 22. 9 billion riyals and in 1982 already 524. 7 billion. A diversification is also present. The role of oil sector is reducing.Processing industry was established, and there are a lot of financing projects. What is not less important, financial sector has appeared. But anyway, as of 2007, non-oil manufacturing contributed 10% to Saudi Arabian GDP and less than 6% of total employment. But development of human resources is go behind. Actually the problem of lacking qualified labor force was solved by inviting foreign specialists. Role of the gove rnment. Initially the most profitable oil deposits were exploited by western companies, but today the biggest oil producing company ARAMCO was nationalized and oil policy was reviewed.Now extraction rates became smaller and deposits were used in more rational way. Today more than 95% of all Saudi oil is produced on behalf of the Saudi Government by the ARAMCO. In June 1993, ARAMCO absorbed the state market and refining company (SAMAREC), becoming the worlds largest fully integrated oil company. But the second problem was how to spend money. Governors were wrong hoping that petrodollars inflow will last forever. silver was invested in useless projects, and some spending was just uncontrolled. It all led to overheated economy. Also there was an effort to copy western system of production, but it also wasnt successful.All these things were a reason to work out a new plan of economic development, attracting more private capital and making more reasonable investments. In the last few years there is a privatization tendency in Saudi economy, of course except ARAMCO. Also government supports oil industry, giving money for development of the new deposits. New industry sectors. In the world Saudi Arabia plays the role of crude oil exporter, and it isnt the best position on the world market. Thats why they are trying to find new profitable spheres. And one of them could be petrochemistry.This field grows every year and today Saudi Arabia is the main manurial supplier on the Middle East. Of course today its impossible to cure the Dutch disease, but maybe someday oil exporting countries will not depend so much on oil prices. Private sector. In 70-80-s government created good conditions for private sector. Such things like transfers, legislative support, special banks and coin were aimed at supporting this sector of economy. Powerful oil industry till now is a good base for economic development. The government is still attempting to nurture growth in the private sect or by privatizing industries such as power and telecom.Saudi Arabia announced plans to begin privatizing the electricity companies in 1999, which followed the ongoing privatization of the telecommunications company. Shortages of irrigate and rapid population growth may constrain government efforts to increase self-sufficiency in agricultural products. But this governmental support has the second side private enterprises are still hoping on help and transfers from government and western partners. Without such support its more profitable to invest money abroad. And thats the problem. But anyway private sector is growing and private capital goes to high-tech development and research.Foreign labor. As was said, there is a lack of well educated specialists on the plants. The government tries to promote so called Saudization national policy to encourage employment of Saudi nationals in the private sector instead of workers from South and Southeast Asia. contempt these efforts, the cou ntry draws a significant portion of its labor force from foreign countries, especially from South and Southeast Asia (notably India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the Philippines, Nepal, and Sri Lanka), East Asia, East Africa and from other Middle easterly countries.There are also some people from North America, South America, and Europe. Hundreds of thousands of low-skilled workers and skilled workers from regions of the developing world migrate to Saudi Arabia, sometimes only for a short period of time, to work. Although convey figures are not known, skilled experts in the banking and services professions seek work in the Kingdom. Social and politic structure. An Arabic country always remains an Arabic country with its own culture, social and politic structure. Saudi Arabian culture mainly revolves around the religion of Islam.Islams two holiest sites, Mecca and Medina, are located in the country. Also it shouldnt be forgotten that it is the monarchical state. All it leaved an imprint on people and their set of mind. Although huge sums of money were spend on health care and educational programs, the social structure didnt change a lot. It is still important to which family or place you belong ruling establishment stayed the same, just like the attitude to women. Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world where women are banned from driving on public roads.Women may purport off-road and in private housing compounds, that can be very huge. Their attempts to change something usually lead to nothing. Several international human rights organizations, such as benevolent Rights Watch, Amnesty International and the United Nations Human Rights Committee have issued reports criticizing the Saudi legal system and human rights violation in various political, legal, and social areas, especially severe limitations on the women rights. The Saudi government typically dismisses such reports as being outright lies or asserts that its actions are based on its adheren ce to Moslem law.Political structure also is very traditional the monarch makes all decisions and any attempts to loosen his power, like advisory board, have failed. There is no immunity of speech and no political opposition, although there are a lot o people abroad who criticize such policy. So, development of Saudi Arabia is very controversial. On the one hand, financial and oil-producing sectors are growing in high gear. On the other hand peoples set of mind didnt change and with this excess baggage its impossible to move forward.Other controversial thing government wants to keep Moslem values, but in the same time educational system is an exact copy of the American one, and American talk-shows and cartoons are demonstrated on the national television. There is an opinion that all it happened because of too fast growth. The society wasnt ready for petrodollars and all these goods which it gets. Thats why people have very vague ideas of what they need today or in the future ne w way of life or traditions and Islamic values. Conclusion. To sum it all up, wed like concern possible future of oil-exporting ountries. In a foreseeable future it is impossible to find alternative energy sources which could fully substitute oil and gas. World demand will grow and there are only four countries which can increase extracting rates. These are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Nigeria and Gabon. It substance that political and economic power of OPEC will grow. But also its obvious that raw materials like crude oil are cheaper than processed goods like gasoline. Thats why huge sums of money must be invested in the development of oil refineries and its a very important long term investment.By the way this developing process must involve not only industries but also people themselves, because a state can change only after its citizens. Anyway, dependence on oil prices is very unreliable and undesirable, like any dependence, even if it helps to finance social projects. Current econom ic crisis has shown that. Governments of oil exporting countries must find a compromise between this Dutch disease with massive capital inflows and healthy but maybe not so rich economy.

B321 Tma 02

Question 1 (a) Simons (1999, pg 768) describes intrinsic motivation as desire to engage in behaviours or actions in forecasting of internally- generated rewards such as personal feelings of accomplishment and extrinsic motivation Simons describes as (1999, pg 766) desire to engage in behaviours or actions in anticipation of tangible rewards, such as money or promotion. Extrinsic motivation is created by financial incentives. An incentive as Simons (1999, 767) describes as being a reward or payment that is drug ab theatrical roled to motivate operation.The two types of motivation mentioned above can be used to design a rewards package for the harvest-festival centre managers. First I pass on argue intrinsic motivation this type of motivation is from within (as Simon states (1999, pg 245)) rather than external. Managers can improve intrinsic motivation, Simons (1999, pg 245) states they can make people proud of where they work and also they can involve subordinates in the goal se tting bear on to increase the likelihood that subordinates will see the goals as legitimate.If subordinates are included in the process of setting goals-asked to provide input and information they are more likely to feel that the goals are legitimate and work more diligently to achieve them. The motivation is aligned to Air Tex Aviations performance goals, which are, the granting of credit only when managers agree performance goals set by Ted, monthly charges against their departmental profits, managers are more likely to stick to the rules set by Ted because they are in book of credit.Also, the purchasing of ceiling equipment and operating supplies but having predetermined limits this gives the managers a sense of control and able to make decisions without having to ask permission whenever a corrupt was to be make. Moreover crop managers are allowed to set policies such as pricing for products or services. They also fill the power to hire, fire and administer the salary. P roduct centre managers can rewarded because they claim the responsibility to do the above and are free to make choices within set boundaries. Other rewards can be meaningfulness managers may feel they are doing something important.Also another(prenominal) reward is having the competence, managers can feel satisfied. Lastly, another reward is having the sense of progress, product centre managers will feel they have gained something. I will now discuss the extrinsic incentives, Simons (1999 pg 245-246) states financial performance awards-typically in the form of bonuses-can be linked explicitly to the achievement of goals and targets. Since incentives are to motivate performance Ted has allocated 10% bonus to managers. (b) Simons four levers of control can be used in the implementation of strategy for Air Tex Aviation.Simons states Strategic control is not achieved through new-fangled and unique performance measurement and control system, but through belief systems, boundary systems , diagnostic control systems and interactive control systems working unneurotic to control both the implementation of intended strategies and the formation of emergent strategies. Simons (1999, pg 763) describes belief systems as explicit set of organisational definitions that senior managers perish formally and reinforce consistently to provide basic values, place, and direction for the organisation.Figure 14-2 Levers of control (Simons pg, 305) shows belief systems as strategy as Perspective and Obtaining Commitment to the Grand Purpose, this in the stage setting of Airtex Aviation are firstly Ted and Frank have taken control of the business, Ted is President and chief operating officer and Frank is chairmanship. They also have a vision to grow at a rate of 20% per year for the first five years. To implement strategy Ted and Frank decentralised authority and made each operating activity a profit centre and grouped them by departments.Departments were presumption authority ove r his operations. This creates shared beliefs and missions within the business. Employees will be more motivated because of the more control they have and they will have the sense of belonging to the business. Simons (1999, pg 764) describes boundary systems as explicit statements embedded in formal information systems that define and communicate specific risks to be avoided. Boundary Systems in the situation of Air Tex Aviation are, Simons (1999, pg 297) described as rules, limits and proscriptions.Rules in Airtex Aviation are decentralising the business, installing a control system. Limits introduced are profit centres having the authority to buy operating supplies and capital equipment with purchase set limits. A reason for limits is described by Simons (1999, pg 297) as to allow individual creativity within defined limits of freedom. Proscriptions include removing Sarah Arthur and her accounting system as it was not working and introduce a control system that supports the mana gement and provides information needed in order to make decisions.The accounting system before gave employees a lack of motivation because they were not involved in the decision making process. Also Simons (1999, pg 279) states communicate standards of business conduct for all employees, thats what the new control system does, involves all employees. My recommendations to AirTex Aviation would be use all four levers of control together as one cant work without the others. Also I would recommend the company when financially able to perhaps train managers, as close employees have only studied up to high school.Another recommendation would be for the department managers to set out goals for their own departments, use a balance batting order or something similar. Moreover, I would also recommend the business owners to draw up perhaps a mission statement or a statement of purpose and distribute it to each manager, so they know the objective and purpose of the business. Overall, the own ers have turned the business around and should carry on as they have through with(p) so. Question 2 (a) In the article by Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994), most of the interviewees agreed, net present value is superior to payback.I will summarise the views of the five interviewees below. ecstasy a lecturer was one those that musical theme that NPV is better than PB. Adam does however think that payback, in Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) works fine for primary, straightforward projects, but does say how useless it is and NPV gives the regenerate answer and considers time value for money. He also thinks that NPV has no disadvantage whatsoever. He also goes on to say that reason NPV is favourable because of the use of computers. His schoolman group also agree with him that NPV is superior.Frank chief accountant was one of those interviewed who was against NPV and suspicious of it, describing it as dangerous Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He has been using PB for m any years and says it is simple to use and NPV is complicated, time consuming and conveys spurious accuracy Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He also says that NPV is hard for managers to understand they prefer PB. Simon a senior finance manager thought no appraisal method has importance but believes NPV only relevant with high interest rates & long time periods, Jones, T.C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He believes that information given to managers should be what they want and accountants should help in making investment decisions not decide which appraisal method to use. Judy a junior finance manager prefers to use NPV rather than PB because it considers time value for money which is important in her view. She also says NPV gives ability to switch assumptions & identify different outcomes Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). She has very strong views for NPV and thinks managers should use this technique only.Managers have studied MBAs so thinks it will be easy for them to understan d. But She fears that she may be a victim of my training which tycoon have been academic brainwashing, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). Len a finance officer also says net present value is superior to payback. He doesnt agree with Adams suggestion that PB figures might be adjusted to reflect more clearly the results of NPV analysis Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D, because of ethical rules. (1994).He too like Adam finds calculating NBV easy because of the use of computers. The interviewees which I mostly agree with are Len, Judy and Adam this is because, they believe that NPV is superior to PB. Also NPV considers time value of money and is easy to calculate because of the use of computers. I also agree with Judy that managers should be taught NPV because PB is simple and as Adam said NPV should be used for minor projects. (b) keen reasoning in my view would be coming up with answers which would be the norm and what most people would agree to.An example in B321 case studies would ha ve to be that of Classic Pen Company Developing an ABC Model. Jane Dempsey came up with information by using methods such as activity based cost used by accountants. Overall, I think pure reasoning would have the most influence on someones decision making process this is because most people adhere to the norm they dont want to be seen as deviant. Also most people would be scared to do otherwise just in case the decision doesnt turn out to be as expected, which may get them into a lot of trouble. (c)My views have changed since reading the article because, before I thought that calculating net present value for investment appraisal was complex and very complicated but both Adam and Len find it easy because of the use of computers. Also before reading the article I thought payback was completely useless and treacherous for investment appraisal but as Adam points out it is fine to use on simple projects. Also another benefit for NPV is that it gives ability to alter assumptions & identi fy different outcomes, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) as Judy points out.Both appraisal methods have their benefits, net present value has more benefits overall. Question 3 (a) Total machine hours 880,000 ? 44,000 = 20 venture Pies 20 ? 4,000 = 80,000 ? 2000 = ? 40 per batch Pork Pies 20 ? 40,000 = 800,000 ? 20,000 = ? 40 per batch (b) Set up related 420,000 ? 200 = 2,100 Pork Pies 2,100 ? 120 = 252,000 ? 20,000 = ? 12. 60 patch Pies 2,100 ? 80 = 168,000 ? 2,000 = ? 84 Purchasing related 240,000 ? 480 = 500 Pork Pies 500 ? 320 = 160,000 ? 20,000 = ? 8 Game Pies 500? 160 = 80,000 ? 2,000 = ? 40 Volume related 44,000 + 88,000 = 132,000 220,000 ? 32,000 = 1. 67 Pork Pies 1. 67 ? 120,000 = ? 200,400 ? 20,000 = ? 10. 02 Game Pies 1. 67 ? 12,000 = ? 20,040 ? 2000 = ? 10. 02 Cost centre be for pork pies per batch ? 12. 60 + ? 8 + ? 10. 02 = ? 30. 62 Cost centre costs for game pies per batch ? 84 + ? 40 + ? 10. 02 = ? 134. 02 (c) The difference with activity based costing and tradit ional costing is, firstly traditional costing only assigns operating cost cost machine hours or direct labour hours to products. Whereas activity based costing uses activities for accumulating costs as described by Atkinson (2004, pg 127).

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Five

Initiation night for the newest members of the Vitale nine had arrived at last. The cavernous room was lit only by golden candle flame from long tapers placed around the space and by the fire of high-flaming torches against the wal s. In the flickering light, the animals carved in the wood of the pil ars and arches almost breakmed to be moving. categorical, dressed in a dark hooded robe like the other initiates, gazed around proudly. Theyd worked hard, and the room looked amazing.At the front of the room, beneath the highest arch, a long table had been placed, draped in a heavy red satin cloth and looking like somewhat(a) kind of altar. In the center of the table sat a huge cryptical stone bowl, almost like a baptismal font, and around it roses and orchids were set. More flowers had been scattered on the floor, and the scent of the crushed blossoms infrafoot was so strong that it was dizzying. The pledges were seamed up, evenly spaced, before the altar.As if shed picked up on h is pride at how everything had turned let on, Chloe pushed her dark hood suffer a bit and leaned toward him to mutter, Pretty fabulous, huh? Matt smiled at her. So what if she was dating someone else? He stil liked her. He wanted to stay friends, even if that was al there could be between them.He tugged at his robe self-consciously the fabric was heavy, and he didnt like the way it blocked his peripheral vision.The current masked members of the Vitale Society wove silently among the pledges, handing out goblets ful of some kind of liquid. Matt sniffed his and smel ed ginger and chamomile as Wellas less old(prenominal) scents so this was where the herbs had been used.He smiled at the girl who gave it to him, plainly got no response. Her eyeball behind the mask slid oer him neutral y, and she moved on. Once he was a ful member of the Vitale Society, he would know who these current members were, would see them without their masks. He sipped from his goblet and grimaced it tasted strange and bitter.The soft rustlings of cloaked figures moving across the floor were silenced as the last of the goblets was handed out and the masked Vitales quietly retreated under the arch behind the altar to watch. Ethan stepped forward, up to the altar, and pushed back his hood.Welcome, he verbalise, holding out his hands to the assembled pledges. Welcome to true power at last. The candlelight flickered over his face, twisting it into something unfamiliar and almost sinister. Matt twitched nervously and took another swal ow of the bitter herbal mixture.A toast Ethan cal ed. He raise his own goblet, and before him, the pledges raised theirs. He hesitated for a moment, then said, To moving beyond the veil and discovering the truth.Matt raised his goblet and drained it with the other pledges. The mixture left a mealy feeling on his tongue, and he scraped it absently against his teeth.Ethan looked around at the pledges and smiled, locking gazes with one after another. Youve al worked so hard, he said affectionately. Each of you has reached his or her personal peak of intel igence, strength, and leadership ability now. Together, you are a force to be reckoned with. You produce been perfected.Matt managed to politely restrain himself from rol ing his eyes. It was nice to be praised, of course, but sometimes Ethan was a little too over the top perfected? Matt doubted it was even possible. It seemed to him that you could always strive to be a little more, or a little less, something.You could always wish to be better. only when even if he could, after al , be perfected, he suspected that it would take more than a few obstacle courses and group problem-solving exercises to do it.And now it is time to at last discover your purpose, Ethan continued. Time to complete the final stage in your transformation from ordinary students into true avatars of power. He took a clean and shining silver cup from the altar and dipped it into the deep stone bowl in front of h im.With every step forward in evolution, there moldiness be some sacrifice. I regret any pain this wil cause you. Be comforted by the knowledge that al suffering is temporary. Anna, step forward.There was a slight uneasy stirring among the pledges.This talk of suffering and sacrifice was opposite than Ethans usual emphasis on honor and power. Matt frowned.Something was wrong here.But Anna, looking tiny in her long robe, walked without hesitation up to the altar and pushed back her hood.Drink of me, Ethan said, handing her the silver cup.Anna blinked uncertainly and then, her eyes on Ethan, tipped back her head and drained the cup. As she handed it back to Ethan, she licked her lips automatical y, and Matt essay to peer more closely at her. In the flickering candlelight, her lips looked unnatural y red and slick.Then Ethan led her around the side of the altar and into his arms. He smiled, and his face twisted, his eyes dilating and his lips pul ing back in a snarl. His teeth looked so long, so sharp. Matt tried to shout a warning but agnize with horror that he couldnt move his lips, couldnt draw the breath to cal out.He knew, suddenly, that he had been a fool.Ethan sank his fangs deep into Annas spot. Matt strained, trying to run toward them, to attack Ethan and throw him out from Anna. But he couldnt move at al . He must be under some kind of compulsion. Or perhaps something in the drink, some magic ingredient, had made them al docile and stil . He watched helplessly as Anna struggled for a few moments, then went limp, her eyes rol ing back in her head.Unceremoniously, Ethan let her physical structure drop to the ground. Dont be afraid, he said kindly, gazing around at the horrified, frozen pledges. Al of us he gestured toward the silent, masked Vitale behind him went through this initiation recently. You must brace yourself to suffer what is only a smal , temporary death, and then you wil be one of us, a true Vitale. Never growing old, never dying.Pow erful forever. cracking white teeth and golden eyes shining in the candlelight, Ethan reached out toward the next pledge as Matt struggled again to shout, to fight. Ethan continued,Stuart, step forward.Elena smel ed so good, rich and sweet like an exotic ripe fruit. Damon wanted to simply bury his head in the soft skin at the crook of her neck and just inhale her for a decade or two. Snaking his arm through hers, he pul ed her closer.You cant come in with me, she told him for the second time. I might be able to get James to talk to me because its a question about my parents, but I dont think hel tel me anything if someone else is there. Whatever the truth is about the Vitale Society and my parents, I think hes embarrassed about it. Or afraid, or something. Without paying attention to what she was doing, Elena shifted her grip and held on to Damons arm more firmly.Fine, Damon said stubbornly. Il wait outside. I wont let him see me. But youre not to walk across campus at night by yo urself. Its not safe.Yes, Damon, Elena said in a convincing parody of meekness, and rested her head on his shoulder. The lemony scent of her shampoo mixed with the more essential Elena smel of her. Damon sighed with contentment.She cared for him, he knew that, and Stefan had taken himself out of the picture. She was stil young, his princess, and a human liveliness could heal. Maybe, with Stefan gone, she would final y see how much closer she was, mind and soul, to Damon, how perfectly they fit together.In any case, she was his for now. He lifted his free hand and stroked her head, her pat hair pliant beneath his fingers, and smiled.The professors house was barely off campus, just across the street from the gilded entrance gates. Theyd almost reached the edge of campus when a familiar presence that had been lurking nearby at last came very close.Damon wheeled to scan the shadows, pul ing Elena with him.What is it? Elena said, alarmed.Come out, Damon thought with exasperation, send ing his silent message toward the thickest shadows at the base of a crowd of oak trees. You know you cant hide from me.One dark shadow detached itself from the rest, stepping forward on the path. Stefan simply gazed at the ground, shoulders slumped, his hands loose and undefendable by his sides. Elena gasped, a smal hurt sound.Stefan looked terrible, Damon thought, not without sympathy. His face seemed hol ow and strained, his cheekbones more prominent than usual, and Damon would have bet that he wasnt feeding properly. Damon felt a twinge of disquiet. He didnt take pleasure in causing his brother pain. Not anymore.Well? Damon said, raising his eyebrows.Stefan glanced up at him. I dont want to fight with you, Damon, he said silently.So dont, Damon shot back at him, and Stefans mouth twitched in a half smile of acknowledgment.Stefan, Elena said suddenly, sounding like the word had been jerked out of her. Please, Stefan. Stefan stared shore at the path under his feet, not meeting he r eyes. I sensed you were nearby, Elena, and I felt your anxiety, he said wearily. I thought you might have been in trouble. Im sorry, I was mistaken. I shouldnt have come.Elena stiffened, and her long dark lashes fel over her eyes, hiding, Damon was almost sure, the beginnings of tears.A long silence stretched between them. Final y, irritated by the tension, Damon made an effort to ease it. So, he said casual y, we broke into the campus security office last night.Stefan looked up with a flicker of interest. Oh? Did you find anything utilitarian?Crime scene photos, but they werent very helpful, Damon said, shrugging. The folders were marked with black Vs, so were trying to figure out what that means.Elenas going to talk to her professor about the Vitale Society, see if it could have anything to do with them.The Vitale Society? Stefan said hesitantly.Damon waved a hand dismissively. A secret society from back in the day when Elenas parents were here, he said. Who knows? It may be not hing.Drawing a hand across his face, Stefan seemed to be thinking hard. Oh, no, he muttered. Then, looking at Elena for the first time, he asked, Wheres Matt?Matt? Elena echoed, startled out of her wistful contemplation of Stefan. Um, I think he had some kind of meeting tonight. Footbal stuff, maybe?I have to go, Stefan said tightly, and was immediately gone. With his enhanced abilities, Damon could insure Stefans light footsteps racing away. But to Elena, he knew, Stefan had been nothing but a silently vanishing blur.Elena turned to Damon, her face crumpling in what he recognized as a prelude to more tears. Why would he fol ow me if he doesnt want to talk to me? she said, her voice hoarse with sorrow.Damon gritted his teeth. He was trying hard to be patient, to wait for Elena to get through him her heart, but she kept thinking of Stefan. He told you, he said, keeping his voice even. He wants to make sure youre safe, but he doesnt want to be with you. But I do. Firmly recapturing her arm with his, he tugged her lightly forward. Shal we?

Burn Burnings Thesis-Support Essay Essay

In William Faukners Barn Burning, Sartoris is torn between his loyalty to his family and an intimate wiz of justice. Between these two factors, Sartoris decides to warn de Spain nigh the barn due to his grasp on what is serious at the age of ten. Sartoris awareness of justice that compels him to warn de Spain about the barn are confronted during the streak with Mr. Harris, when they arrive at de Spains planetary house, and when he breaks free from his mother. At the start of the story, Sartoris is placed in the scenario of lying to the judge about his father burning Mr.Harris farm. Sartoris displays great loyalty to his family when the Judge talks to him. When the justice compels Sartoris to enunciate the truth, Sartoris views the justice as an enemy (Faulkner 801). Despite his loyalty to his father, he truly does not wish to remain about his fathers actions. Faulkner captures Sartoris unwillingness to lie th approximate the emotions of grief and despair as Sartoris thinks t o himself about lying for his father (801). This inner contravention shows that Sartoris has been exposed to and religiously taught the concepts of absolute family loyalty.However, his unwillingness to lie portray his belief in fairness and justice, which is an impressive level of maturity for his age. His early understanding of right and handle is one reason why Sartoris decides to warn de Spain. Another event in Barn Burning that displays his sense of justice is when Sartoris and his family first arrive at Major de Spains mansion. Sartoris initial reaction to de Spains mansion is a positive one. Sartoris claims that the mansion is big as a courthouse (Faulkner 804).Sartoris reference to a courthouse along with his perception of peace at the sight of the mansion portrays that he has positive feelings towards the legal system, contrasting his father. He likewise hopes that his father will feel the peace Sartoris feels and stop burning barns. The hope Sartoris displays shows his genuine feelings that his fathers actions are wrong. This event marks the beginning of Sartoris siding his moral concept of justice in the conflict between family loyalty and justice.When Sartoris breaks free from his mother, Faulkner shows readers that he chooses to turn in his father due to his moral sense of justice. When Sartoris threatens to hit his mother if she doesnt let him go, he is cementing his moral values over his fathers (Faulkner 811). Throughout the story, Sartoris is shown to have a mature concept of right and wrong, but when he threatens to hit his mother, he is confirming that letting his father burn the barn is worse than hurting his family. Breaking free from his mom symbolizes Sartoris making his presence known in the world.He knows that he will breaking family loyalty, but he choose to make his own choice and side with justice. The inner conflict between choosing his family and justice is rough for Sartoris, especially at his age of only ten. However, his st rong sense of right and wrong is the final find out factor when he goes to warn de Spain that his father is burning the barn. Bibliography Faulkner, William. Barn Burning. The Norton Anthology American Literature. Ed. Mina Baym. New York, CT W. W. Norton & Company, 2012. 800-812. Print

Taybeh Brewing Company

Joint venture with Jordan Sales forward motion such as T- shirts, pens, caps Beer festival Sponsor a local team Organize camps for people. TBC can read a joint venture with a company in Jordan, as that would bring down the event tax considerably. This way it can enter the Jordan market with lower prices and higher profits. To improve the sales within Palestine, it can market its product by distributing sales promotion items such as bottle openers, t- shirts, caps, pens and so.This selling skill would not cost a lot to the company but is very effective. The beer festival oktoberfest is noted in Palestine by TBC. This should be continued for a lot of years ahead and entirely the local people and tourists should be given free beer. This way it will become a impost in few years and TBC will have a lasting impression in everyones mind TBC can also be the sponsor for a local sports team.As for me in UK every last(predicate) I know about Aon is only through MANU. A lot of people g et attracted towards clean-living events and thereby this should help the company in a good way if they have their name up on one of the local teams. Palestine is a developing country and lot of riots have been accident in the country from few years. If the camps are organised for the needy people where basic requirements such as food and shelter are provided then it would help build public relations.

Organizational psychology Essay

Im likely to be displaced most by personal growth factors. This is understandable for a person who seeks personal fulfillment and development. Im achievement oriented and have a gustatory modality for an interesting and challenging job. However, all other factors pertinent to work environment ar also crucial to me. There are several formal theories of pauperization that help me to increase my own productivity and motivate my colleagues.The two-factor theory divides factors that affect employee performance and productivity into two broad categories, namely motivation factors (encompassing factors related to pleasure and work content) and hygiene factors (those related to dissatisfaction and work conditions). The focus in the organization should be on enhancing employee motivation to the extent that it provides opportunities for (a) achievement, (b) recognition, (c) responsibility, (d) advancement, and (e) growth in competence.According to the two-factor model, both satisfiers an d dissatisfiers are of value to a person that ranks factors related to the content of work (e. g. recognition and chances to advance) as high as factors related to work conditions (e. g. friendly co-workers and conciliatory schedule). For me, reward and recognition are less important than the nature of a job. Material needs are less important for me than personal satisfaction or clients approval. The most applicable theory in my type is Goal Setting Theory.Goal Setting Theory is the most critically acclaimed theory of motivation. It argues that individuals are incite to achieve goals they set, and the strength of their motivation depends on goal specificity, goal difficulty, and commitment and feedback. Other moderating factors admit self-efficacy of an employee and task complexity. My perception of difficulty of achieving a goal might be too subjective and my trustingness on feedback might be less than by other employees, yet Im rattling result-driven and challenged by comple x yet interesting tasks.My motivation is influenced by the difficulty of goals (such as ensuring high node satisfaction ratings on big projects were there are many stakeholders), yet goals value (excitement from working on a specific type of project delivering good results rather than cash influx) is more than important. My superiors have accept that it is important to give me freedom in choosing projects Im do to work on and fall by the demeanorside me to set my own objectives and performance measures. My high appreciation of autonomy and power also suggest that I am more effective as an individual worker than a team up player.This is yet some other reason why Goal Setting Theory is appropriate for my motivation it has been argued that workers with higher self-efficacy are more effective in personal goal setting and fulfillment. However, this does not mean that I dont value team spirit as a means of motivating my co-workers. Our companys motto is Lets Build Something Toget her. Therefore, encouraging teamwork is one of the ways to increase motivation and productivity. Our wariness succeeded in gathering and developing an outstanding crew by applying several important principles of convention work management which I also follow.I foster group cohesion by a variety of methods and believed that upright preparation, ego less teamwork, and original strategizing are the inherent components of success. In my view, the emphasis should have been on team performance rather than individual performance. People, management, and psychology are three important aspects of teamwork. The emphasis on incessant learning makes it possible to stay ahead. When skills and knowledge of all group members combine in a way that exceeds the sum of knowledge of all individual members, the synergy effect can be observed, i. . the system as a whole has certain qualities its elements do not have.Therefore, it is of paramount importance to pay attentive to group cohesion so that exceptional results can be achieved with limited human resources available in apiece organization. Group decision making means not only working to achieve better solutions only when also promote growth of community and trust. Group decision making ensures much higher take of member satisfaction and motivation. Greater commitment is also among important advantages of group decision making.Open, collaborative zephyr ensures contribution from all levels and no domination, intimidation or judgment from the boss. Participation in problem resolve increases acceptance some even argue that a lower-quality solution that has wide acceptance can be more effective than a higher-quality solution that lacks acceptance. Its possible to conclude that Im motivated by complex yet interesting tasks, while teamwork and group decision making are the tools I use to motivate others.

Political Cartoon Analysis Essay

World War II was a time of great social turmoil in the United States, not only because of its ready role in the war, but also because of the radical potpourris taking place in society. As an arrange of the Jim Crow laws, people were beginning to speak up against segregation and demand equal rights. During this time, many activists and governmental reformists employ different forms of social media in order to present their ideas regarding racism.In 1942, Dr. Seuss published this political resume in the New York PM newspaper as a way to address the effect of racial discrimination by urging change in the war industry. Because the war industry did not range the use of drab labor in the war effort, the main idea presented in this cartoon is that two albumin and black labor are required to achieve real peace and compare in society. Seuss uses symbolism, his characters, and text edition in order to effectively portray his message to his audience, the people of the United States. Seuss uses Uncle surface-to-air missile and the satirical character War Industry in order to represent the two conflicting viewpoints on the issue of racism.While Uncle Sam represents the democratic American ideals of equality, War Industry symbolizes the group of people, companies, and racial mindsets that support racial segregation. In this cartoon, Uncle Sam represents the goal of the American labor host to incorporated the use of in all men, regardless of race, in order to fight for the nation. However, the War Industry representative symbolizes a more prejudiced, racist mindset. His natural covering hat and cigar reveal that he is of a sloshed year, which separates him from the common laborers and working class. He is seen to be play only the white keys on the piano, which demonstrates the use of only white labor in the war efforts. His of a sudden hands represent his reluctance to incorporate black labor into the industry because of bigotry and racial stereotypes.Alth ough Uncle Sam is not violent or imposing in this cartoon, his expression reflects sternness and linefulness, showing his urgency to incorporate black labor into the war industry with a non-violent, practical approach. In addition to the use of his characters, Seuss uses text in order to convince his audience of his ideals regarding racism in the war efforts. The quote near the take in of the cartoon states that real harmony can only be achieved by using both white and black labor in the war efforts. Not only does Uncle Sam advocate for equality, but he also wants to see the success of the war industry. He uses this appeal in order to address the desires of the wealthy class. By using the word harmony, he means both racial equality in society, as well as improvements in the war industry. The white keys on the piano are tagged White Labor which far outnumber the black keys.This represents the idea that black labor is seldom used in the war industry. Seuss wants to show his audienc e that, using both black and white labor force will improve the condition of society. Lastly, Seusss use of symbolism further demonstrates his message of racial equality in the war effort. The piano itself is a symbol for the distribution of work in the labor force amongst whites and blacks. In addition, the cobwebs on the black keys symbolize the rare use, or no use at all, of black labor during World War II.In addition, there is a uneven distribution of smoke coming out of the pipes of the piano. This shows that the instrument, or labor force, is not being used to its full extent. While some separate of the piano are stressed, others are seldom used and are neglected. This applies to the labor force in America. By not allowing blacks to work in the war industry, the full potential of Americas working class is not being used. In conclusion, Dr. Suesss political cartoon addresses the issues of racial segregation within the American society. This political cartoon was widely controv ersial in its time because of its political stance and radical ideas that belie the Jim Crow laws and the upper class of society. Although this cartoon did not directly cause a dramatic change in society, it advocated for a very important idea in American history, the issue of equality of all people.

Is persuasion ethical? Essay

This simple disbelief has engaged scholars and practiti unityrs alike. Aristotle and Plato discussed it. Machiavelli touched on it. So keep back modern communication scholars and social psychologists. And you can opine that practiti whizzrsTommy Hunger, Phil Knight, Donna Karan, even Michael Jordanhave given it a passing thought, no doubt on the way to the bank. until now persuasion ethics demand contemplation. As human beings we want to be divvy uped with respect, and we value communication theory that treat others as an ends, non a means, to use Immanuel Kanf s famous phrase.At the similar time, we be practical creatures, who want to achieve our goals, whether they be financial, social, emotional, or spiritual. The accomplishment of goalsmoney, esteem, love, or religious fulfillment requires that we play others in some fashion somewhere along the way. Is the need to influence contrary with the ethical handling of human beings? Some scholars would say it always is. Plato, who regarded lawfulness as the only reality in life, was anger by persuasive communication (Golden et al. , 2000, p.17). As, he regarded rhetoric as a form of adulation that appealed to hatfuls worst instincts. Although Plato did believe in an bringing close togetherl rhetoric estimably composed of truth and morality, he did non think that ordinary persuasion measured up to this standard. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant would view persuasion as unchaste for a diverse reason In his view, it uses race, treating them as means to the persuaders end, not as appreciated ends in themselves (Borchert & Stewart, 1986). This violates Kants ethical principles.In a similar fashion, Thomas Nilsen (1974) has argued that persuasion is mean because a communicator is trying to encourage someone to do something that is in the communicators best(p) interest, but not essenti every(prenominal)y in the best interest of the individual receiving the message. As considerate as these perspect ives are, they set up a rather high bar for human communication to reach. Whats more, these authors tend to lump all persuasive communication together. Some communications are certainly false, designed to manipulate people by appealing to base emotions, or are in the interest of the sender and not the receiver.But others are not. Some messages make very intelligent appeals, based on logic and evidence. Additionally, not all persuaders treat people as a means. Therapists and health professionals ordinarily accord clients a great deal of respect. The best counselors treat each person as unique, an inexplicable treasure to be deciphered and understood. Many people who do volunteer worksuch as those who counsel teens in trouble or aid victimsdo not receive great financial benefit from their work. Their communications can be extremely much in the best interest of those receiving the message.On the other extreme are philosophers who argue that persuasion is basically moral. Noting that people are free to recognize or reject a communicators message, orthodox thinkers tend to embrace persuasion. Believing that people are adequately rational to distinguish between truth and falsehood, libertarian scholars argue that society is best served by diverse persuasive communications that run the gamut from completely dead on target to totally fallacious (Siebert, Peterson, & Schramm, 1956). Persuasion, they say, is better than coercion, and people are in any incident free to pack or reject the communicators message.There is some understanding in this perspective. However, to say that persuasion is intrinsically moral is an extreme, absolute statement. To suppose that people are capable of maturely rejecting controlling communicators messages naively neglects cases in which trusted but evil people exploit others vulnerability. What of men who trick or seduce women and consequently take advantage of their dependence to demand added sexual and emotional favors? Perhaps we would argue that the women chose to get snarled with the mentheyre persuaded, not coercedbut it would be heartless to propose that such persuasion is moral.Moreover, the idea that all communication should start somewhere and that the individual or organization that it starts from influences the way the communication is explicit (Forsyth, D. R. , & Kelley, K. N. 1994). The idea that all communication goes somewhere that the senders view of what the audience is like result influence how they frame their communication, but that the receiver will also tend to take their own meanings from the communication, scorn of what was intended in the first place.Just as students on a course must have to work in a variety of formats, so also they should have to deal with a form of audiences so that the effect of audience on what is said and how will be reinforced. entirely communication is ready together with some habit in mind, whether or not the sender is fully aware of what this is. Aga in, one can understand the communication and its effects better if one is fully aware of what the real purpose of it is. It must become apparent that what we think someones purpose is, is more significant than what it in truth is.The pupils will come to understand that we act on postulations when decoding messages. The physical or social touch in which the communication takes place will constantly affect how it is understood, and will perhaps affect how it is swan together in the first place. In terms of interpersonal and group communication, it is at least instrumental to discuss or simulate examples which may be described as public or buck private situations so as to get across the force of this concept. Try getting a pupil to role-play behaviour in public that they would usually use at home, and the point will have been made (Dunbar, N.E. , & Allen, T. H. 2003). All communication has to be put into some form such as speech or pictures. divers(a) forms have diverse qualities, and different advantages and disadvantages. The form used affects how the communication is put together and understood. Effective communicators meditate up the compensation of the various forms of communication accessible to them. It is often the case that we use more than one type of communication at a time. The number of forms that may be used through the strong suit of television in an evening news broadcast is a case in point.Students must be allowed to make decisions concerning the use of forms of communication during their course. They must practice the conventions of the form or format. On a more sophisticated level they should grapple the idea that the medium is indeed the message, and that the same message is transformed in various ways once cast in a form other than its original.ReferencesBorchert, D. M. , & Stewart, D. (1986). Exploring ethics. New York Macmillan. Canary, D. J. , & Spitzberg, B. H. (1990). attribution biases and associations between conflict strategie s and competence outcomes.Communication Monographs, 57, 139-151. Cooper, M. D. , & Nothstine, W. L. (1998). Power persuasion Moving an ancient art into the media age. (2nd ed. ). Greenwood, IN educational Video Group. Dunbar, N. E. , & Allen, T. H. (2003, May). Toward a message-centered approach to attributions regarding interpersonal conflict. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association, San Diego, CA. Forsyth, D. R. , & Kelley, K. N. (1994). attribution in groups Estimations of personal contributions to collective endeavors. Small Group Research, 25, 367-3

Thedacare Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thedacare - Case Study ExampleThe using of TIS rested on three particular points. These were the improvement of employee morale, improvement of productivity, and improvement of quality.TIS was founded on a lean-thinking archetype pioneered by Toyota, whose principles were foster, value-stream, flow, pull, and perfection (Chalice, 2009). These five principles were used to identify waste and then eliminate the waste. The principle of value involved the amount, which the prospective and current customers would be willing to pay while value stream refers to the go that Thedacare would take to deliver and achieve this value. The principle of flow involves the organization of the various value streams in a way that they could be continuous. Pull refers to the actions that Thedacare would take to trigger this flow from the various needs that the customer may have. Finally, the perfection bit references the continuous culture of change that Thedacare aims to have.Thedacare has improved their service delivery in many another(prenominal) different areas, including the response time for patients coming in for diagnosis and treatment, correction of the various mistakes that cost the institution, and carrying out of strategies that changed the manner in which they arrived at work. Lean thinking and TIS were an important basis for the improvement of the current run currently offered at the institution. Another plus point for the approach is the division of specialists to different departments in their individual places of work, which is supported by the satisfaction of staff and patients working in the institution (Chatman, 2010).Front line employees were intermeshed in the assessment of the current approaches, rapid iteration of the new processes, and the collaborative effort aimed at redesigning the process. aft(prenominal) each event, the institution carries out assessment on process changes to quantify the savings. By holding several(prenominal) processes aime d at mapping of the value stream, as well as lean events, phone

Advancement and IT Organization Change Research Paper

Advancement and IT Organization Change - Research Paper ExampleThis is a world-shaking benefit to both IT managers and ultimately the company since initial budget is overridden.The softwargon is cost effective since unrivalled pays for what they need. One gets a cost saving with regard to maintaining the respective platform of machinery, as well as, the requirement nurturebases and the application server to run the application (OM Software, 2012).The company outsources to a level that systems do not pay out effort in the maintenance and choice of very systems. This allows the company to increasingly focus on the clientele as much as this requires an IT department.There is low confidence in data security. Corporate data is considered private to the company, and if let outside the walls of the company then many tend not to like it oddly senior management (Brown, Southworth, and Sarzynski, 2008). In some occasions, it is conservative and skepticalThere tends to be difficulties in incorporate this system to the rest of the system. Normally local or in-house applications are installed, but with this system, there is complexity in case one wants to connect or use the available data in cloud with the data in the company.The question suggests that Quick Response Codes can be generated for either e-mail address or telephone number. It is worth noting that e-mail addresses are associated with online QR codes while the mobile phone (telephone number) is associated with offline codes. Both codes have limpid similarities in the sense that they are both meant to serve a similar purpose. They both convey information to users in a quick manner (Philogene, 2008). They signify a specific sense of exclusivity as regards the targeted users. They are also used to encode URLS for various websites. The two types of codes enhance efficient processing, for instance of tickets, as compared to the conventional barcodes. Additionally, these codes provided more information abou t a certain products as compared to

Indentured servants in Colonial America Coursework

Indentured servants in Colonial America - Course formulate ensampleThey led a life of fractiousship with stringent punishment. Their daily routine was centered to the work and they had to work from the dawn till late at night and provided small portion of food. Most of the indentured servants had hard taskmasters with long working hours. They had little spare cartridge holder for their own work. The plantation workers, after coming prickle from the plantation had to feed the cattle, cut the wood, prepare the supper and dinner for the next day etc. (Morgan, 2001).After their time was up, they would either go back to their own country or stay back and toil the lend that was given to them. As the indentured servants were not paid any wages except for the food and the lodging, they had no saving and the land was the only means of livelihood for them. Some indentured servants like Anthony Johnson became successful farmers and traders after their contract expired. Johnson was granted land and he became a wealthy as tobacco farmer as well as one f the first black slave-traders (Foner,

Element in story Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Element in explanation - Assignment ExampleShe is able to contain the sense of freedom within herself and disguise her joy with a sense of sorrow that is associated with the loss of her husband. However, she celebrates the onset of her freedom while secluded in her personal place and behind the closed door (Chopin 206). She remains hopeful of a promising future that will necessitate making her decisions without the influence of his husband or other people. She seems convinced of the end of the period of being undermined by superior authority.Another element, which reflects the onset of freedom, is the description accorded to the sky. Louise notes of the dark clouds piling by the west (Chopin 205). Such an placard may be translated as an indication of the dusk of her oppression. Her freedom was trickling like the blue sky. Arguably, she anticipated brighter age akin to the blue sky. The blue sky may, thus, be described as being symbolic with think of to the life of Louise. The d emise of her husband is reflected as the termination of her oppressive submission as a wife. Her explosive death may be suggested to have resulted from the shock of learning the setback that struck the onset of her

Infection Prevention and Control Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Infection cake and Control - Case Study Example3) Collected data heads the propagation. The epidemic curve shows continuous video that is much pronounced after the lunch hour and ends the following day according to the collected data. tally to the determined incubation period, the exposure is prolonged and then other victims display symptoms at a subsequently time compared to the others. Complaint of the obvious symptoms of infection appears in the afternoon and evening. However, further analysis of the situation is vital to draw the precise conclusion about the causative agent. 4) The case presented by the data qualifies to be an epidemic. It is a condition that involves a large group of people who are subjected to the pathological agent. Noticeable symptoms among affected individuals predict they are suffering from the same thing or rather infected by bacteria or rather an agent. Every individual in the camp had the same complaints that clearly indicate the source of the pr oblem is among the food consumed. hikemore, it occurs within a short period and affects almost the whole population in an whimsical way thus qualifies to be termed as an epidemic. According to statistics on data relating to the whole population, there is no connection between gender and illness. The high percentage of male individuals showing symptoms of the illness is due to the superior general high population of male soldiers compared to the female soldiers. Also, the odds ratio adds emphasis on the proportionality looking at of the data. A high population of the men means that they were exposed more to the causative agent compared to the females thus the high number of male individuals showing high levels of illness. Statistics on age distribution and infection indicate that there is no connection between illness and age of the individuals. People aged between 19 and 23 form the highest percentage of individuals. Therefore, exposure rate of the young individuals is high comp ared to the other age groups. Further proof of the preceded conclusion is taking a look at the age group 29-32.

Open Innovation in Service Sectors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Open Innovation in value Sectors - Essay ExampleAs a way of meeting the expansion and evolution in the improvement sector, which is mostly revolve arounded on changes in customer preferences for avail delivery, players within the serving sector countenance used research and development (R&D) to identify specific changes that customers desire, so that they can direct or focus their attention on these areas of change. Once companies and institutions adopt this strategy to change with the changing environment in which they do business, we say the companies are engaged in establishment (Harabi 2005). Writing on variation within the service sectors, Hagedoorn and Cloodt (2003) pointed out that the rate of change and expansion experienced of late demands that companies do just more than the tralatitious idea of innovation. It is in light of this that writers and reviewers have followed up with research on the most advanced shipway in which the service sector can make the best use of innovation. Lately, companies much(prenominal) as LEGO, Barclays vernacular and British Broadcast Corporation (BBC) have introduced the all new term of open innovation in the transaction of most of the businesses they are engaged in, as a way of building on the handed-down ideas of innovation. ... On his part, Chesbrough (2003) sees open innovation as a meta-innovation that involves the practice of co-creating with customers in the service industry, where it is traditionally give tongue to that for customers to have their way in specifying what they want is very difficult because the experience there is tacit (Meyer 2012). By implication, it can be said that it is the customer that decides on the value of innovation as most forms of changes in the service industry are focused on changes in customer preferences for service delivery. From this opinion, the outside(a) stakeholder ascendant that is talked about could be said to be the customer. In some other fields of study, o pen innovation in the service sector has been regarded to go beyond the customer and include a larger non-shareholder stakeholders such as suppliers, quality assurance teams and marketers (Johne & Storey 2008). A similar definition was put up by Chesbrough (2003, p. 3) who this time round explained open innovation as a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their applied science. For various organisations, open innovation has been approached using unlike models and parameters of change. For example, LEGO, Barclays Bank and BBC have all used different models of open innovation, which gives a signal that the best way to approach open innovation in the service sector is to open the concept according to what a company is involved in (Gallouj 2002). Open innovation is also expected to have three major phases made up of transition strategy, dynamic care practice and open innovation culture. These

Problems Of Corruption In Ukrainian Government And The Possible Ways Research Paper

Problems Of subversive activity In Ukrainian Government And The Possible ways To Solve It - Research Paper ExampleAs per this report, Ukraine shared this poor turpitude status with different third world countries like Bangladesh, Central African Republic, and Syria. In the same year, Ernst & Young identified Ukraine as one of the three most corrupted countries in the world along with Brazil and Columbia. Referring to Wikileaks cables, US diplomats depict Ukraine as a show of kleptocracy under the presidency of Kuchma and Yushchenko. This paper will identify the intensity of corruption prevailing in Ukrainian brass and conjure up some potential remedies to fight the issue. Depth of Corruption in Ukrainian Government Bribes are very common in Ukraine because Ukrainians think that such unjust rewards are customary and expected in every official matters. Referring to recent investigative reports, some of the spacious bribes in the countrified involve more than USD 1 billion. A ccording to a sociological survey conducted by Management Systems International (MSI) in 2008, the level of corruption was very high in vehicle oversight (57.5%), the jurisprudence (54.2%), health awe (54%), the courts (49%), and higher education (43.6%) (UNO, Country reports). The police and the courts which are in displume of law enforcement in the country are highly corrupted. Undoubtedly, the higher corruption level in the courts and the police become a great obstacle to abolishing this social as well as economic issue. As compared to well developed economies like US and UK, many of the Ukrainians are willing to pay some or other forms of bribes so as to get served fast. Recently in 2011, the Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych admitted that bribes cause the state budget to lose billions of dollars in revenues and a notable percent of public funds end up in the pockets of officials (as qtd in Rachkevych). The presidents words clearly reflect the profundity of corruption in Ukraine. In spite of great media coverage and hot discussions, corruption is still growing to be a major growth impediment to the Ukrainian economy. As different surveys point out, nearly 70% of Ukrainians who had dealt with government services over the last five years directly involved in corrupt practices. Experts suggest that this rate would further increase if some respondents were not afraid of consequences. Referring to a report by Danilova, governmental corruption through the use of administrative tools is a key issue challenging the development of the country (Hundreds protest..). Ukrainian politicians mainly use administrative tools to commit option fraud and thereby make election results in their favor. The situation where many of the top Ukrainian governmental officials sustain been liable for prosecution excessively indicates how intense the problem of corruption is in the countrys government system. In fact, medical care is free for Ukrainians in state-run hospital s. However they pay money there to make sure that they receive fibre treatment whenever required. Recently some advocacy groups have accused the Ukrainian Health Ministry officials for misappropriating the money that should have used to treat AIDS patients. They claim that officials bought AIDS drugs at highly inflated prices and received kickbacks in return. As Nitsevych points out, business firms in Ukraine widely engage in corruptive practices in order to bribe advantages of business licensing, taxation, and customs (Potential for German investors..