Representation In Wag The Dog

Portrayal In Wag The Dog The film entitle Wag the Dog was about the manner by which media assumes a huge job as respects to the leader of America in a tough situation, having been blamed with the issue for sexual offense, the hindrance happened fourteen day to political race. Anyway as an object of getting the president reappointed, the presidential counsels Conrad Brean (played by Robert De Niro) a political turn specialist along with Winifred Ames (Anne Heche) the secretary, who was request help to build a way and intends to redirect the updates on embarrassment, Leading to contact the mastery of Hollywood maker Stanley Motts (played by Dustin Hoffman) an authority in such savage. As should be obvious that, the sitting was dull and secretive as Conrad suggest misrepresentation logical inconsistency of nonexistent emergency and Conrad relegate Motts to build a devoted cam paign revolved around war in Albania, just also ensure they divert American away from the focal point of the political wrongdoing from the main problem. With assistance of media control methods that America is at war with Albanian. Motts like any class of individual in this they age, can just dream of the acknowledgment and respect that he will get for the perfect work of art he will clearly make, not realizing that, this narcissistic conduct will prompt his end. In the other hand we can see that, in our contemporary society schemes like this goes in regular day to day existence where individuals can inevitably utilized you to accomplish their objective, and furthermore dump you. In any case, the arrangement of Conrad recommending Albanian was nothing more than picking a nation that was incons equential, obscure and not of any issues to America, thus is clean. As expressed in the film, Anne Heche the secretary to Conrad says that she knows nothing and accordingly Conrad says, They appear to be tricky, distant this shows his flightiness of picking Albania. Conrads answer to the partner isn't not at all like the current day meaning of a domineering jerk, where the harassers in school single out the more fragile kids, in this setting America is the domineering jerk as they are singling out Albanian. It is obtrusive to see that Conrad and Motts had a similar belief system in making a war to redirect the debate away from the general population. As the idiom states, Great personalities think the same and people with similarities tend to form little niches. As some other lawmaker in our contemporary society, Conrad realizes how to play the game as he offers Motts a place of being an envoy, anyway Motts needs to do it for entertainment only. This shows how manipulative a legislator can be to get/her way by referencing methods of giving them a prize which for this situation was the situation of an envoy. Be that as it may, whatever government officials state may not generally be valid, as in their profession; they generally turn reality to support themselves. Conrad utilizes turn and guarantees of remunerations to propel Motts to motivate him to create his phony war. From this, we can see say that Conrad is alluded to as the presidents turn specialist in light of the fact that the pre sident depends on Conrad to diffuse the circumstance and breaking point the harm brought about by the claim, solidifying Conrad, relationship with the president. We can see that during the structure of the war, Motts utilizes a youthful America moving to be an entertainer to assume the job of an Albanian young lady. In the development of the scene to re-sanction a combat area, the young lady was holding a sack of chips rather than the predefined white little cat mentioned by Motts. The sack of chips is critical in this story as the white cat was later altered into the scene utilizing intensity of present day innovation. We can see that, this is a demonstration of and an incredible case of the capacity of the media portrayal to communicate a story, with going with video film in which the open takes as genuine, and not realizing that what the media reports is dam lies however not of this is the certainties. It makes it shows plainly to us that it is so natural to mess with pictures ut ilizing current innovation without the publics information. Additionally the white little cat that was altered in the scene is to mean blamelessness, harmony and immaculateness onto general society and make them progressively keen on the lost young lady at war and not the presidents sex embarrassment. We would already be able to perceive how the media rapidly changes people groups minds into another emotional worry close by, comparative in our contemporary culture where we get soaked into certain notice, for example, an advert for Disneyland where we live in a hyperreal world and the two real factors of the media and this present reality are obscured in as one. Besides, we can likewise observe another indications of media portrayal is been appeared inside the film where Conrad and Anne are having a discussion with a CIA operator asserting that the Albanian war is each of the a trick. We can perceive how Conrad twists and winds the data on the CIA specialist to change the entire proclamation persuading him that the war is genuine. In the other hand, we can consider another to be of Anne as she withdraws in her inclusion with the activity, demonstrating weakness as she know the punishments that she may confront. Likewise another indication of honesty, harmony and virtue was appeared during the creating of the war where a youthful Albanian young lady offers the president a contribution, of help her and her mom. Simultaneously, the president offers his jacket to the little youngsters mother to show that he is given her asylum and identify towards her feelings due her enduring in the war. This infers the phony war has quick be evaluated as trium ph and furthermore the discussion of the city and not the president alleged sexual unfortunate behavior with the young lady scout. Also, this is so normal in our contemporary culture with media portrayal, for example, when an advert is been shown on TV by promoters, the real importance is subverted, hence making an adornment of reality and reality related with the explanation of the advert, the media picture makes the ad look realer than it is, simply to capture the knowledge of the masses to pick up cash or legitimate consideration from them. So hence, that is the reason Motts consistently expressed in the film that, This is nothing hinting that as a film maker, one is to be set up for accidents that may happened in the line of delivering and discover approaches to build up the first plan to persuade the open that the war is as yet alive. The manner by which he says, this is nothing, he ways was quiet about it as he recognized what he was doing being a Holly film maker, like how Hollywood makers would act in the current day. He named it as Act Two where we witness the advancement of the war saint Schumann. The music utilized in the film has both a military tune and a national tune. By a military tune, it is that it has a 2 by 4 musicality implying that the military are walking onto war or during war as appeared at the asking of the film and during Schumanns memorial service. This gives the impression of hard looking and savage men with their chest out and shoulder upstanding and furthermore being clean. Simultaneously, th ere is a national tune that is sung by an ensemble like the style to the melody of the late Michael Jackson with different specialists known as We are the world. This implies the energy that is uncover through the tunes. This is done to make the open become hopelessly enamored, influence their feelings and feel glad to be an American just as to cause them to disregard the sex outrage debate. During Schumanns burial service, as the coffin is being stolen away by different troopers, there is a canine planted to depict the steadfastness and loyalty that the pooch has towards Schumann. As the memorial service happens, Motts feels uncomfortable he needed to uncover all reality thus the expression, let the truth out as he needed to uncover all that occurred and praise his ability at the authenticity and viability of his duplicity in tricking people in general, the turn specialist Conrad request his men to execute Motts as he was going to uncover the terrible truth, this shows us, how the game is played and the outrageous measure taken in legislative issues so as to wad the pooch. We can plainly how Conrad utilized Motts to create his war and when he was not, at this point required he was discarded. This shows how manipulative Conrad was when fundamental and any turn specialist will take the necessary steps to make the concurred rendition of reality by whatever methods availabl e. It is smarter to leave well enough alone than to let it out in light of the fact that one can't confide in anybody however particularly for this situation, government officials as they can be untrustworthy. Nonetheless, from the above beginning of the film there was this section states; for what reason does the pooch sway its tail? It is infers that, a canine is more brilliant than its tail, however in the event that the tail were more intelligent, the smaller part would manipulate everything else. Accordingly the tail represents people that have control over the media, and the pooch that permit itself to swayed through its own tail is speaking to the United state residents. In end to this film, the term manipulate everything else and substance of this film intends to intentionally avoid consideration away from something that is imperative to that of less huge. This is actually how the media and legislative issues work in this day in age. The government official uses the media as the vehicle to sling irrelevant occasions and stories into standard open information, in the expectation of covering the genuine and significant issue, which people in general ought to concentrate on.

Occupy Wall Street Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Involve Wall Street - Essay Example the 1%) has been tested by the boundless Occupy development, causing a social disturbance. This presents an atmosphere of strain that fills in as an open door for Apple to exploit the disagreeing market by adjusting their image system to increase a proper relationship with the new belief system. The current electronic dissident/mechanically unrivaled picture of the organization is practically perfect for the present atmosphere, however the organization should distinguish straightforwardly with the development or face being set in the disagreeable â€Å"big business† class. Apple’s contributions are as of now connected with the adolescent/mainstream society through their present procedure, so they may advance their part in adding to the improvement by making correspondence progressively available. This methodology would use a media legend (that electronic gadgets make correspondence simpler to utilize and get) too brand resources. The Apple brand is additionally all around associated with the thought of abnormality by method of another fantasy. Utilizing Apple’s items was once viewed as an extremely uncommon event, and they have figured out how to proceed with this renegade picture all through their gigantic achievement. Distinguishing the brand with resistance offers the organization another immediate way to interfacing with the Occupy development by working from a legend and right now settled organization assets. At long last, the Occupy development may end up being less affecting that initially evaluated, and organizations might be confronted with the results of any significant changes to mark techniques that occurred exclusively on account of the occasion. Since they hypothetically don't need to change a great deal, Apple’s current brand methodologies have the organization very much situated to gain by the fame of the development while retaining almost no misfortune should the Occupy marvel misfire in

How to Master Charisma and Become a Better Leader

How to Master Charisma and Become a Better Leader Think back as far as you can remember. Think back to the playgrounds in primary school… to group projects you had to undertake in college… all the way to your most recent job. In those moments in time whatever activity you were undertaking was of the utmost importance in your mind and you wanted to succeed… to win… right?Now, can you think of a particular team leader on the playground, or a group leader in class, or a manager in your organization that absolutely appealed to you? That absolutely inspired you? That motivated you to put in all your effort? Whose opinion you held in high regard? That made you feel comfortable and included? That you looked up to and emulated? And under whom you felt you were guaranteed victory? That was charisma. That is what charisma inspires. That was a charismatic leader.We have been raised in a world where the common opinion is that charisma is a talent that just a few people are lucky enough to be born with. But that is wrong. Charisma and ch arismatic leadership can be developed in any one of us.One good example of this is Lee Laccoca. Lee Lacocca, whose real name was Lido Anthony Iacocca, joined Chrysler in the 1970s, tasked to rescue the Company from bankruptcy. Lacocca addressed congress in an attempt secure a substantial loan for the company and anyone who was present observed a charismatic leader at his best.But who was this man? Lacocca had an Industrial Engineering undergraduate degree but was unfortunately not blessed with natural charisma, but he acquired the skills necessary to become charismatic. Some other notable examples of his charismatic style can be found in some of his famous statements, for example, ‘If you can find a better car, buy it.’A simple statement, but such a strong message… It says, ‘We are here and we are the best.’ It inspires confidence and pride in the employees of the company and sells the product with such surety and conviction to the consumer he has to have it.Charismatic leaders are persuasive and convincing; they are driven by a commitment to their cause. The slightest appearance of hypocrisy or inconsistency will undermine the most persuasive speech and charismatic leaders are able to avoid this through a strong commitment to their convictions.The charismatic leader embodies the ideal member of the cause, which gives him more credibility because he actually practice s what he preaches. For example, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a charismatic leader not only due to his powerful oratory skills but also due to his unwavering commitment to positive non-violent change.The purpose of this article, therefore, is to explore the general traits of charismatic individuals, some of the benefits of a charismatic leadership, and steps you can take to master charisma and become a better more effective leader.DISTINGUISHING CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIPOf course charismatic leadership existed long before it was given a label. But how was the distinction made between charismatic leadership and other forms of leadership?Max Weber was a German sociologist who published a book called ‘The Three Types of Legitimate Rule’ in 1958. Max Webber classified authority into three distinct categories: Traditional, Legal/Rational, and Charismatic.He proposed that there are two forms of order: Authority and Norms. No order could exist without either of these.For example, in a Company that practices authoritative order, employees will follow strict rules and regulations set up by the company’s leadership. Similarly, in sovereignties, citizens will follow the laws set up by the legislature and enforced by the police force. Perhaps this is why refer to the police as ‘The Authorities’.On the other hand, organizations that use norms to bring about order depend on the leaderships’ conveyance of the organization’s vision and mission to inspire followers or employees. According to Webster, charismatic leaders, as opposed to authoritative ones, strongly appeal to their followers/employees on a deeper level. Charismatic leaders use norms as opposed to blunt authoritative force.This is a more effective leadership style because the followers/employees are actually performing actions because they are inspired and motivated to do so as rather than being driven by fear of consequences that may come with not following directives.GENERAL TRAITS OF A CHARISMATIC PERSON/LEADERLike in your days in the playground, when you didn’t even have the slightest clue what charisma was, you will feel charisma when you are exposed to it.It is far more than someone being likable; a charismatic person draws you to them. A charismatic person, very naturally, motivates and energizes you to take action. Some charismatic people are born that way while some of them learn how to be charismatic, either way they spark a flame inside us that gets us moving.So what are the general traits attributable to a charismatic person/leader?They are HappyOne of the first things you will notice in a charismatic person is a certain spark of life within them, a certain enthusiasm, even if you are not certain for what. Whether the charismatic person is good or bad, whether they bring peace or instigate unrest, there is a strong passion within them that evokes powerful emotions in the people around them.They make people feel good about joining a cause and they evidently derive pleasure from sharing their cause with others. Whether consciously or subconsciously people are able to feel and feed off this passion. This coupled with a feeling of being wanted and needed in the cause draws people to even closer to the person.They are ConfidentA charismatic person seems to be in perfect control of the world around them. Their confidence and level of self-worth always seems to be strong, even when they are may be uncertain on the inside.They always appear to be certain of their abilities, faith, and knowledge while at the same time maintaining a balance, being very careful not to come off as narcissistic.A charismatic person brings out his confidence by keeping his insecurities at bay and celebrating his strengths. He shares his confidence with the world and in turn people feel stronger in their presence.They are Passionate and CommittedYou will easily notice a charismatic person when they are standing for a cause because they believe passionately in it and are mo re than willing to share those beliefs with the people around them.Their consistent convictions and actions also play a big part in drawing other towards them andin influencing other to follow them. This avails to them a dedicated following that significantly adds to the energy that the charismatic person exudes.They are Good CommunicatorsPeople are not sheep and will not simply follow because they have been requested to. A charismatic person moves people and convinces them to take action, which demands context and motivation.A charismatic person communicates effectively and shows you exactly why a certain action needs to be taken. They have an ability to express themselves in an intriguing and inspiring way that makes people want to come back, hear more, and do more. They are EmpatheticA charismatic person will speak to you as though you were the only person in the world. A charismatic person will seem to focus on your words, your eyes, your core, making you feel heard, safe, inter esting, and special.He will appeal to your emotions on a genuine level. In turn you will feel drawn to them… You will feel a need to reciprocate the same by paying the charismatic person them same kind of attention that they gave you. You want to do to them what they have done for you and without knowing it; you are attaching yourself to this person.This reminds me of quote I read a long time ago by Evelyn Waugh.“We cherish our friends not for their ability to amuse us but for our ability to amuse them.” It’s ironical isn’t it? But it’s quite true if you think about it.Human beings are creatures of emotion, and we stick with certain people because we have made strong and positive emotions connections.8 STEPS TO INCREASE YOUR CHARISMA AND BECOME A BETTER LEADERA charismatic leader does not only inspire people into taking action, he wins the hearts and minds of his following. This is inclusive of the people they lead, their superiors, and even stakeholders in a business se tting. Charismatic leaders are often more successful in comparison to non-charismatic leaders.For example, a study was conducted by Christoph Nohe and Jochen Menges on a large German railway company at a time when the Company was undergoing a major crisis and an internal restructuring process. A web-based survey was conducted on 33 leaders and 142 team members that found that leaders who were change-focused were perceived as charismatic.The survey also found that a team member who found his leader to be charismatic was more committed to that leader’s cause. The study concluded that where a leader was perceived as charismatic by his followers, it directly enhanced overall team performance of the team.But do not panic and no, charisma is not only for the chosen few… Anyone can develop charisma, even you. This section of the article will categorically show you how you can develop your charisma and become and even better and more effective leader.1. Appeal to the Interests of your F ollowersCan you truly be charismatic if the people around you don’t consider you charismatic? No.Can one group of people consider you charismatic while another doesn’t? I believe so, yes. It depends mainly on the interests of each group.To be a charismatic leader, you have to appeal to the people around you in such a manner that they consider you the ideal leader. Show people that you deeply understand their concerns and that your number one priority is to address those concerns in the best way possible.The more people realize that you are in genuine support of their interests, the more charismatic you will become in their eyes. To the masses, Perception is Reality.So, find out about what matters to your followers or the people you intend to make your followers and show genuine interest in those matters, make those matters your priority and you will earn your trust, making you the best suited leader for them.2. Be a Good Listener/ObserverListen to your followers or the people yo u want to lead. This means striving to understand their histories, ambitions, what inspires them, what they respond to, their motivators, their modes of expression… This ensures that when you begin to speak to them you speak with a clear understanding of where they come from and where they are headed while simultaneously expressing yourself in a manner that they can relate to.For example, if you are addressing a crowd that responds to a language of vision, opportunity, and promise of better future and you present them with numbers and data, you build a barrier that will bar you from appealing to the crowd. But if you presented the same message to the same crowd in the manner that they respond to, you automatically come off as more charismatic and suited for leadership.Being a good listener will convince your followers that you are not simply there to fill in the leadership position; rather you are there to actually serve their interests. Being a good listener will also make you a better leader in the sense that you will now intimately understand your followers’ needs and wants, which will make you better positioned to satisfy those needs.Like one of the 48 Laws of Power, Understand who you’re Dealing With.3. Blend InThis is an extension of Step 2 above. If you set yourself apart from the people you are leading or the people you intend to lead you may not come off as charismatic as you hoped to be. You may not end up being the most suitable leader for those people.Level yourself with your followers and connect with them from diverse angles. However, I am not encouraging you to masquerade and pretend to be something you are not; people tend to see through this and it may be detrimental to your leadership. Instead, find out what you have in common with your followers or potential followers and shed light on that.For example, demonstrate the same amount of ease addressing board members as you have addressing subordinate staff within a business organization. Master a habit of finding a common identity with the people you encounter and using that as a focal point for how best to relate with them and you will come off as more charismatic. This will also give you an avenue to better get in touch with your following, equipping you with more knowledge and information on how to better serve them.Here, humor is a great way to really get in touch with people. You could even give a story where you are a victim. Barack Obama is known to put himself on the spot, which gives his followers a warm perception of him and strengthening the connection they feel they have with him. However, be careful with humor, understand the boundaries and after a good laugh, revert to subject of achieving the goals at hand. 4. Be InclusiveAlways include your followers by using words like ‘us’ and ‘we’ instead of ‘me’ and ‘I’.   This kind of inclusive language will make your followers or your intended followers feel wanted and a real part of the cause.I t will remind them that you share their goals and ambitions and that you are affected by the same issues, and that they relate to you the best. This will automatically enhance your followers’ perception of you as a charismatic leader. Empower other to speak and feel relevant and in turn they will love you for it.5. Be EngagingAs a leader you have already come up with a manifesto in your mind and, as such, it is natural to want to solve various issues with little or no consultation. However, avoid this habit and constantly remind yourself to engage others by including them in the creation of solutions to various issues.Share your approaches, listen to suggestions, respond constructively, and show appreciation for your followers’ contributions. You will appear more charismatic and become a better leader not by isolating yourself but by being on the ground with the people.A good example here is Che Guevara who would regularly leave the comfort of his office to participate in a cons truction projects with regular citizens, which made him a model leader and made him appear even more charismatic and appealing than he already was to the people.6. Be Honest and DependableAs mentioned earlier, inconsistency in your actions will discredit even the most inspiring speeches. Nothing will repel your followers more than the perception of dishonesty in you. To be a charismatic leader you have to be dependable.Your followers have to believe through a consistency in events that you are a trustworthy person and they will follow you without question. Master this and you will not only be regarded as a charismatic leader but a good leader. This step will also make a very happy individual.“Happiness is when the words you speak and your actions are in harmony.”   Mahatma GandhiTake a second to reflect on this? Isn’t it a wonderful feeling to follow through with exactly what you had said you would do? Don’t you feel guilty when you do not keep your word?7. Be Fully Committe d to the Goals of the CauseA charismatic leader leads by example. The reason this comes so easy to them is because they have committed, more than anyone else, to the cause and they realize that their own commitment is crucial for the groups drive. You have to believe in the truth of the messages you are passing on to your followers or potential followers.The same applies to lying (I’m not saying you should. Do not). The best liars are the ones who can convince themselves for a moment that their lies are true.To be a charismatic leader you have to show your followers that you are willing to go the distance and do whatever it takes to reach the group’s goal. This evidently deep commitment will portray you, and in reality make you, a great and genuine leader while simultaneously motivating your followers to follow in your example.8. Be WarmThis is perhaps the most important step towards becoming a truly charismatic and great leader.We mentioned that human beings are creatures of em otion. Warmth is the final ingredient through which you can convince your followers that you will use the power they have accorded you, or the power that you seek, for their best interests.This way people will willingly follow you of their own volition and you won’t even need to regularly assert your authority. Bill Clinton has been said to exude this kind of warm aura to the people around him, which is why he still has such as dedicated following even after his tenure.You cannot fake warmth, it has to be genuine. You can be as polite as you possibly can be, but warmth comes from a much deeper place inside of us. Everyone can feel it when they are in the presence of a truly warm person.So how can you make sure that your warmth is felt by the people you encounter?Set aside any insecurities and personal concerns when you are dealing with other people, these insecurities serve as barriers to warmth. Insecurities bar your own warmth towards yourself and it is hard to concentrate on an yone else when you are not at peace with yourself, so handle those insecurities and learn to celebrate your strengths. Self-love is where warmth is rooted.For that brief moment you are interacting with your followers or potential followers, genuinely focus on them. People can feel this; people can feel when someone else is truly engaged.To master warmth, you could also study some of the people you look up to, meditate on them and regularly channel the warmth that they brought to your world. It could be Gandhi, Dr. Luther, Mother Theresa, your father, a religious figure… whoever or whatever has ever evoked a feeling of warmth and safety at your core. Now share that feeling with the world and everyone you encounter will instantly be drawn to you while you become an even better leader at the same time.If you practice these simple steps regularly and make them a habit, they will always come to you naturally and your charisma will skyrocket alongside the quality of your leadership.BENE FITS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIPThere are numerous benefits that emanate from Charismatic Leadership. Charismatic leaders are catalyst for social change. They ensure that processes run smoothly and that the people are properly motivated, working towards a cause autonomously without the need for authoritative force.So, what are some of the benefits you will realize as a leader from mastering charisma?True PowerCharisma is a perception from others that you have influence and that you get things done. As opposed to having been merely assigned power as a result of your wealth, level of education, physical appearance…people will view you as a leader due to your personal attributes.Power acquired through intimidation or authoritative force is not sustainable. With charisma people know that they do not have to follow you simply because they have been instructed to… They actually want to follow you, authority or not… and that is true power.In the movie ‘The God Father’, Michael Corl eone travels to a Cuba plagued by civil unrest and witnesses a rebel explode a grenade while being arrested by military personnel killing himself and a few soldiers around him in the process. Later Michael says to his companions something to the effect of, “It occurred to me that the rebels could win, because the soldiers are paid to fight and the rebels aren’t.”The rebels fought because they believed in their cause and were willing to do whatever it is that the cause demanded of them. The same applies with charisma. When you get people to believe wholeheartedly in you as their leader, you do not need further incentive to be able to steer them into whatever direction you will. They will follow willingly because they believe you share the same beliefs and that as a genuine leader, you will never mislead them.Ease of Selling a VisionAs a charismatic leader, you will be able to easily sell a vision to your followers or intended followers because they already convinced of your goo d intentions and capabilities. By mastering charisma you will become easily successful at convincing your followers of various potentials, opportunities, and possibilities.Since you will already understand your crowd, you will also be able to weave anecdotes that appeal to the people, making them buy into the bigger picture. Similarly, due to your understanding of your crowd, you will be able to serve their needs aided by your sharp listening and observation skills.For example, a charismatic leader will be able to differentiate between what an organization needs from the employees and what the employees need from the employees and address both at the same time. This results in a mutually beneficial mechanism where the employees feed off the vision and become motivated to achieve organizational goals and in turn the organization serves the employees’ needs.Goal RealizationA highly charismatic leader will have their followers doing just about anything. I mean, look at Charles Manson , Adolf Hitler, Iddi Amin, King Leopold II, Jim Jones…Once you have mastered charisma and you have captured the hearts and minds of your audience you are in a position to inspire action and drive results. With charisma you will be capable of achieving results that other styles of leadership would be incapable of achieving, making you leadership effective in any kind of situation.However, this is not to say that charismatic leadership doesn’t have its shortcomings.LIMITATIONS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP‘Brain Freeze’The very first disadvantage of charismatic leadership is that there is a risk of the group depending too much on your guidance that they suppress their own individual values, beliefs, and ideas believing yours to be supreme.This is especially so when their own ideas or beliefs conflict with yours. This is a dangerous situation because people tend to follow you even when they feel that they are heading in the wrong direction, but they dare not question their leader.H owever, this can be avoided by religiously practicing Step 4 above: Being Inclusive. Ensure that all your followers feel free to share and express their opinions and views with you. Do not be dismissive or condescending to any one even when they are voicing an idea or opinion you believe to be wrong.In such a situation, casually show them why they are wrong and why you are right. Similarly, do not be afraid to accept better ideas or correction from your followers when necessary.EgoCharisma can become extremely addictive because you can actually see the effect you have on others and the way in which they regard you and look up to you. It is possible to get sucked into your own charisma where you forget that leadership is service to others and not the other way around. There is the danger of using your charisma to accomplish personal goals as opposed to those of the group.Therefore, constantly monitor your leadership and regularly ask a close confidant to assess that leadership in ord er to ascertain that you have not let your newfound power go to your head. Ensure that you do not lose sight of what is important, which is the best interest of your followers or intended followers.To realize the benefits of charismatic leadership, constantly follow the steps provided and regularly monitor your leadership to avoid being counter-productive by turning the strength of charismatic leadership into a weakness.CONCLUSIONIn a highly competitive world, be it in the field of business, politics, religion, or everyday societal life, the ability of institutions to realize their goals is highly dependent on the effectiveness of the leadership in those institutions. Behind every successful institution is a leadership that can drive action to realize overall objectives.A charismatic leader is able to gain the trust of his followers inspire, guide, and motivate the group to meet its targets. Trust is necessary in a leader-follower relationship because trust is the glue that binds a follower to his leader, in turn causing action.People will naturally follow a leader who gets them sold and excited about a vision. While a leader can be effective without charisma, that kind of leadership would only be effective where there is a rigid system in place, where people are guided by strict authoritative rules.Think of a police man stopping you randomly in your car to demand that you provide your driver’s license… do you really follow the instructions because you are so eager to do so, or is it because there are set laws that demand that you comply with the law enforcement’s authority?Possessing charisma as a leader is a huge asset. It ensures that your followers follow you willingly and as opposed to authoritative leadership, this is lasting and sustainable power.Of course, we have realized that charismatic leadership can become negative really fast if applied blindly or unethically… But its pros outweigh its cons, especially seeing as its limitations can be avo ided by exercising just a bit of caution.Follow the simple steps discussed above to master your charisma. Your charismatic leadership will make you a better and more effective leader who is truly in service to his people and who has lasting and sustainable authority.You will be able to better articulate your vision, inspire, and motivate your followers towards achieving common objectives And since as a charismatic leader you will be in touch with your followers, you will understand their wants and needs, which you will be in a position to address…creating and environment of all-round satisfaction for everyone.

Where to Find Specific Types of Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and minerals are all around us. You can pretty much find interesting specimens in almost any natural environment but you have to know where to look and what to look for. If youre new to geology, there is no substitute for examining as many different rocks as possible to familiarize yourself with whats out there. This guide will give you a good idea of some of the best places to get started. Hunting Rocks: Beaches and Riverbeds Whether youre a kid or a grownup, one of the best hunting grounds for rocks is a beach. Ocean beaches boast a wide variety of specimens and since theyre spread out across large areas and renewed with every tide, youre pretty much assured of finding something interesting. Beaches are beginner-friendly. Just bring along some sunscreen, water, something to put your finds in, and youre basically good to go. Beach rocks tend to be of the harder rock varieties (igneous and metamorphic). They get a good grinding in the surf zone, so they tend to be fairly clean and smooth. However, since its not always possible to pinpoint their source of origin, beach rocks are known by geology fanciers as stones without context. A stone on the beach may have fallen from cliffs along the shore or have broken off of a submerged underwater outcrop; it may have even traveled downstream in a river from a great distance inland. River rocks are much more likely to originate near the riverbed and banks. River rocks tend to include more of the softer rock types, and the farther upstream you can go, the truer this is. If you plan to hunt river rocks, be sure to wear sturdy footwear and make sure youre not trespassing. Bedrock: Exposures and Outcrops While beaches and rivers are good places for beginners to launch their education in rock collecting, for a  more serious study of rocks, youll need to find exposed bedrock. Bedrock—or living rock—is an  intact formation that has not been broken away from its original body. A place of any kind where bedrock is lying out in the open ready for your hammer is called an exposure; a naturally occurring exposure is called an outcrop. Outcrops may be found at the beach or along a river bank. In fact, in many geographic regions, these are the only places to find them. For more, youll need to visit the hills or the mountains. If you take manmade sites into account, exposures are quite common. Building sites with their excavations are plentiful all over the country. Mines and quarries offer excellent exposures as well, and they have the advantage of being more permanent than excavation sites. The best bedrock exposures are generally found in road cuts, and amateurs and professionals alike rely on them heavily for their best finds. In civil engineering jargon, a cut or cutting  is the area from which soil and rock are removed to facilitate the building of a road. Road cuts have many good features: Theyre clean, especially when newTheyre easy to visit, alone or in a groupIf theyre on public property, hammering is generally not forbiddenThey expose rocks well, even soft rocksThey expose rocks in their context, including features and structures not visible in a hand specimen Hunting Minerals Minerals can generally be found wherever rocks are found. Thats a good starting point, but a mineral hunter needs to know more geology than the rock hunter. For instance, the mineral grains in rocks such as shale or basalt are too small to be viewed with a magnifier but even these rocks offer possibilities to those who know where to look and what to look for. Minerals grow in several main settings: Primary minerals form during the solidification of a melt.Evaporitic minerals form by precipitation out of concentrated solutions.Diagenetic minerals form at low and moderate temperatures during the consolidation of rock from sediment.Vein minerals form during injection of deep hot fluids.Metamorphic minerals form in solid rocks under prolonged heat and pressure. If you can recognize the signs of these settings, you can expect to find the typical minerals they give rise to. Even a plain-looking mudstone may have zones of alteration or contain veins or partings that reveal mineral nodules that formed during diagenesis. Rock Hunting Etiquette Unfortunately, many of the best places for rock and mineral hunting are on private property or in protected parks. Although many beaches are public parks, where collecting is prohibited, no one is likely to prosecute you for discreetly picking up a few pebbles—but use discretion. Road cuts are off limits wherever parking is not permitted, such as along a freeway. Railways are private property and should be avoided. Likewise, when visiting road cuts in a park—whether national or local—you should generally leave your hammer in the car. Most federal public lands, such as national forests, can be explored freely by amateurs, however, its forbidden for anyone to deface or remove any natural features—this includes rocks, and this includes you. For all other areas, the best rule of thumb is to leave the rocks looking no worse than you found them. Most excavation sites and rock quarries are on private property so youll need to get the owners permission before you start your collecting expedition. Due to liabilities, fear of property damage, and other concerns, the person who owns your hunting ground may have more reasons to say no than yes. Experienced, organized groups generally have the best shot at gaining admittance to private property, so if youre really serious, you might want to think about joining a club.

How I Received the Holy Spirit Essay - 769 Words

Seeing eight of my brothers and sisters super excited made me disappointed about myself. I remeber those days when my elders were coming home with smiles on their faces which made me cry, I was really happy for them and was wishing I could share their happiness as well but, I could not. I did not had what they had. I didnt even know what it was, that they are really happy about. Finally I asked them why they were so happy about and they told me they got a gift from God himself. I couldn’t understand how that was possible. I wanted to be happy too so I just wished that I will receive that gift from God as well. In the beginning of November 2011, my sunday school teacher Yuriy prepared a lesson for us students about Holy Spirit. He also†¦show more content†¦I thought it was useless. A year and four months passed, since that day when we were kindly rejected on our wish. That day in March the 8th, my brother told me that anyone who would want Holy Spirit are welcome to get it, next Friday the pastors and the youth are willing to pray for us. I told my brother Ivan and my cousin Natasha about it, so we would be ready on Friday to get it. I was a nervous wreck the whole week, I thought I might be rejected again, that I might not get it, but I prayed so hard so I still had some hopes and faith that I will get in on March 15, 2013. Finally that Friday came, during sunday school, we asked our teachers, Mr. and Mrs. Kolesnikov, to leave Sunday School for like 30 minutes. We did not tell them that we will go to pastors to confess our sins. I was the very first to go up to them and called my old teacher Yuriy to call his dad, who was the pastor, to pray with us. When he heard the news his whole face lit up, and he went to get his dad, because we were so nervous, especiall y me, who was afraid to be rejected, but praise the Lord, I wasn’t. So all of us were NOT rejected. After some time, we went back to our class, I felt really light and happy that I was not rejected. But then some thoughts came and I thought that God won’t give me the gift, but I had a lot of faith. So after Sunday School we finally told our class that we might get Holy Spirit, and invited them to go confess and have Holy Spirit too.Show MoreRelatedAn Open Mind As The Holy Spirit1232 Words   |  5 Pages The Holy Spirit is another Comforter, Teacher, and Reminder. Before Christ went back to Heaven He said that He would not leave us without another Comforter, of which is the Holy Ghost. God the Holy Spirit, God the Father, and God the Son are a Trinity, in Heaven and on this earth. The Comforter indwells us and we are in God and in Jesus. We are in the Trinity. Talk about eternal security, how much more can one be secure than this? Being the Holy Spirit is our Teacher, and the Word of God saysRead MoreThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit1257 Words   |  6 Pageshouse break the Holy Spirit. As a young man I saw so many instances of ministers manipulating people to try and drum up the Holy Spirit or the people to receive the Holy Spirit that I thought the Holy Spirit needed our help if He was to move in the lives of people. I had never really seen the work or manifestations of the Holy Spirit outside of a southern Pentecostal setting. Furthermore, as a young man, I was always impressed with the Evangelist who stopped at nothing to start revival. I not only stoppedRead MoreIntroduction. The Book Of Acts Is Often Referred To As1719 Words   |  7 Pagesis to demonstrate the importance of the acts of the Holy Spirit in this book. Drumwright points out that in the 68 chapters of the Synoptic Gospels there are only 34 references to the Holy Spirit. Compared to the 28 chapters of Acts there are 56 references to the Holy Spirit. The abundance reveals Luke’s desire to reveal the person, presence and power of the Holy Spirit. This paper outlines how Luke unfolds the personal and powerful Holy Spirit who presses believers to bring the gospel to the worldRead MoreSacraments As A Critical Part Of The Catholic Faith1212 Words   |  5 Pagesoriginate? Our faith comes from the preachings of Jesus but he never specifically described the sacraments and how to perform them. There are seven sacraments in the catholic church and three initiation sacraments, which must be completed in order to be a full member of the church. These sacraments when completed together allow you t become one in God, but where do the sacraments draw their power and how? The first recorded baptism was performed by John the Baptist. John the Baptist is Jesus’ cousin andRead MoreThe Holy Spirit And His Benefits. The Holy Spirit Is The1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holy Spirit and His Benefits The Holy Spirit is the third person that eternally exist with God the Father and God the Son. â€Å"equal in power and glory, and is, together with the Father and the Sone, to be believed in, obeyed, and worshipped. The Holy Ghost is a gift bestowed upon the believer for the purpose of equipping and empowering the believer, making him a more effective witness for service in the world. He teaches and guides one in all truth (John 16:13; Acts 1:8, 8:39). 1 The baptismRead MoreHoliness And The Holy Spirit1007 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstandings of holiness, but The church of the Nazarene likes to say, â€Å"we are holiness people.† I do believe this is true, and I like to see myself as a holy person. â€Å"God, who is holy, calls us to a life of holiness. Church of the Nazarene â€Å"believes that the Holy Spirit seeks to do a second work of grace, called by various terms including entire sanctification and baptism with the Holy Spirit-cleansing us from all sin, renewing us in the image of God, empowering us to love God with our wholeRead MoreGraduation Speech On High School1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdone with High School? Are you ready to move on to new endeavors? I thought so. Perhaps some of you were ready months ago, right? Or even some of you thought that you were already ready when I was your soccer coach in Middle School! I promise I won’t tell that to Mr. Johnson or Mrs. Heilman. / However, on the other hand, that is how life works. Our life is full of temporary things. You keep moving on to the thing as the years pass. So I would like to ask you to image two places you might live. ThinkRead MoreSpeaking in Tongues in Acts Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pages Filled the whole house where they were sitting. Then there appeared to them divided Tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.† 1 Acts 2:1-4 NKJ. This was the beginning of the phenomenon of glossolalia. There are several reasons in scripture for the purpose of tongues. The first is there were a multitudeRead MoreBaptized By The Holy Spirit, Do We All Speak919 Words   |  4 PagesBaptized by the Holy Spirit, Do We All Speak in Tongues? One of the catechism we have today as followers of Christ is, do we all speak in tongues? The veracity is, we do not all speak in tongues. Among believers, the custom of when an individual is born-again, spiritually leaders gravitate to laying their hands on the individual, praying for them, that the Holy Spirit will baptize them. This act is an experience found of when Peter and John were sent to Samaria. Who, when they were come downRead MoreThe Holy Spirit Of Acts1321 Words   |  6 PagesUNIVERSITY THE HOLY SPIRIT IN ACTS A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. C. TODD HARTLEY IN COMPLETION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR BIBL 364 BY HENRY PATTERSON LYNCHBURG, VIRGINA OCTOBER 16, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 WHAT IS THE HOLY SPIRIT? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------2 THE POWER OF THE HOLY SPIRIT-------------------------------------------------------------6

Change Discovering the Leader Free Essays

Introduction: This paper seeks to prepare a book report for Deep Change: Discovering the Leader Within by Robert E. Quinn. The paper will discuss the perceived purpose of the author in writing the books and how he tried to support his claims. We will write a custom essay sample on Change: Discovering the Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper hopes to either confirm or deny what the author tries to impart on the basis of the relevance of the author’s claims to reality and the personal experience of writer of this paper. The purpose of the author The purpose of the author (Quinn) in writing the book is to challenge the reader to recognize that everyone is a potential change agent. The author believes that people are capable of deep changes if they willing to take the difficult but essential steps to experience the same.   He built his thesis on a strong foundation by first contrasting   between deep change and incremental change. He argues that in general, most change that takes place in the life of an individual is incremental due to the fact that people are uncomfortable with major changes.   Incremental changes just involved movement in small steps that most people would like to take. The authors provided possible exception to the choice of incremental change and that this occurs when a person is faced with a major crisis.   To explain the author’s position, the case of a person who experienced a heart attack may be used as an example of major crises. It is common knowledge that people would like to survive and would do everything to prevent another attack after the first one. Under this scenario the person who suffered attack would be motivated to make deep lifestyle changes in habits. These changes could include changes such as stopping smoking and become choosy about dietary requirements.   The same major crises may also be observed when a family marriage is on the brink of divorce. Under said situation, marriage partners will be forced to make comprehensive changes in these communicate or handle conflict. But, when there are no major crises in the life of during periodic times many people will agree that people typically make changes in a slow and incremental manner instead of making needed deep change. The observable fact that was illustrated above on a personal level can also be could also be observed in the life of organizations. The tendency towards small incremental change rather deep change happens because people are normally resistant of change of big changes in their personal lives.   It could be argued that such is observation is a natural phenomenon since people in their individual capacities are still the same people when they find themselves in organizations.   It could also be argued that leadership needs to be mindful of bringing people along in the midst of change, but in the life of organizations there are really times that organizations need to experience deep change to survive. This could be observed in the case of joint ventures and mergers.   These business combinations are sometime reactions to economic changes in the environment.  Ã‚   Managers need to have better returns and they find the expected synergy that would be created from mergers and joint ventures. If companies would stay as they are, there are possibilities that the they have reached their points of stagnancy. This could be observed in the case of cell phone companies. Sony are Ericsson are separate companies until they see the need to compete with other mobile companies there companies that dominate the market. Seeing the profitability of the industry, Sony and Ericsson combined in a joint venture (Steinbock, 2002) to product to produce Sony Ericsson cell phones. If one analyses however what happened, one could see that the cause was external to the organizations.   Without the mergers, the separate companies might be just earning much to sustain operations and before they know it, they would have forgone the great opportunities that they are now enjoying after the merger.   In this context, author Quinn is correct in stating that without deep change, habitual patterns may just make organizations to move continuously toward decay and stagnation (Quinn, 1996). While it may be argued that organizations must react to changes in the  environment, there seems to be more wisdom in the belief that organizations must anticipate changes by doing strategies that would help the company make use of is internal strengths to taking advantage of its opportunities.   In other words organizations must have its plans for the future implemented by considering what it has internally and not just reacting to external events. The latter makes the company responsible and control of its purposes while in the first the companies by analogy just get swayed by waves of external changes. The logic of task pursuit What could be keeping organization to seek their chances for deep changes for growth without the external factors?   In answer to this question, Quinn has discussion of the logic of task pursuit.   A good number of people, when under pressure for task completion, simply manifest lack of chance to consider routine maintenance. This could be illustrated by the fact that if a person does not take time to experience physical regeneration by resting and exercising, his or her body will experience exhaustion. This is applicable with the spiritual life of such person. People need to spend some time to detach themselves from the pursuit of tasks to spend time alone. Solitude could generate strength in character. If applied to an organization, it would appear that each person in management needs to set aside time to revisit its company’s mission and to ensure that the work of the company is in alignment with that mission. The failure to set aside the logic of pursuit to visit the company’s mission and vision provided the grounds for Quinn’s observation that organizational change doesn’t take place. He posits that that the leading coalition in an organization is rarely interested in considering deep changes of this logic of task pursuit.   He supported his theory by the fact of pressures within most organizations to conform to the prevailing structure (Quinn, 1996). Based on this, the author could be credited for a wonderful job of identifying the barriers of bureaucratic culture, ingrained conflict, and personal time restrictions. The author is therefore very much meaningful to suggest to management of companies to give time for managers to develop deeper relationships within themselves to prepare to be ready and willing to that deep change.   Ã‚  In opting for the need to reflect, it could be argued that in most cases people do not need new skills and competencies.   What these people really need is a new perspective that permits them to act as empowered leaders in a changing organization. This new perspective must come from within the personal reflections of the organizational leaders who have renewed their commitment to the company. There is therefore basis to agree with the author that that personal deep change must come before deep change within a system or organization. He argues while normally if not most of the time organizational change must come from the top as it flows down below, he strongly the author believes that it can also happen to start from the bottom towards the top.   In subscribing to the fact that deep change requires a personal evaluation of the ideologies that under bind the organizational culture, the author saw that in the final analysis it is still the people who will make the decision. Thus Quinn believed that as people desire to see change in the lives of others, from many areas like in parenting, marriage or work relationships, these same people must examine first what changes need to happen in themselves.   He observed that it is true that people do not easily recognize the part that they play in the problem; this it is really very hard to realize that one is part of the problem (Quinn, 1996). It is easier for people to blame others that to accept the responsibility for the error. If is easier to judge people by looking at the speck in one’s eye than to not one plank in is his or her own eye. Conclusion The author believes in deep changes that people experience when under major crisis in their lives. His observation that people normally choose incremental change   over deep is very much validated in the lives of people The   fact that he also has observed deep changes in cases of   major crises among people has helped him to discover that deep changes do happen the same way in organizations in case of external events. Such external events are normally challenges for survival for these organizations. In explaining the reason why changes could not happen with out the external changes to organizations, the author found the logic of task pursuit with out routine maintenance.   In arguing therefore that the organizations need to go back to its mission and vision to redirect its efforts toward the proper direction, the author appears convincing in his position that personal deep change must precede deep change within a system or organization. Based on authors claims and supporting examples this paper humbly confirms the validity of the claims made as discussed in the text. Reference: Quinn, R. (1996) Deep Change: Discovering the leader within, Jossey-Bass Steinbock, Dan (2002) Wireless Horizon: Strategy and Competition in the Worldwide Mobile Marketplace, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn How to cite Change: Discovering the Leader, Essay examples

Business Policy and Strategy for Consumer Influence -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Policy and Strategy for Consumer Influence. Answer: Summery Objective of the article In the article the author mainly distinguishes between the out store logistics and the in store logistics. The main point which can be applied to the first is that it directly generates more value relating to the customer and deals majorly with the concept of cost cutting with aspect to shopping ease. On the other hand, the second concept mainly deals with cost cutting and generation of better financial choice with regards to the customer. Purpose The importance which is applied to the concept of the on shelf importance. On the other hand, there is also the aspect of the indicator which is applied to the importance. The main purpose of the article is to take into consideration the concept which is applied to the on shelf performance. The first and the fore most concept is the availability of the merchandise. Main idea According to the article it mainly puts forward the supportive and the supplement aspect of the retail logistics. More specifically the quality of the merchandise, the availability timing, merchandise mix, service and the possibility of the return are majorly explored with the main context of the retail logistics. Taking into example two stores namely store A and store B, a distinguish is made between the concept of the in store and out store. The main idea of such an approach is to gain knowledge on how they contribute to the success at the level of retail. The main idea that is achieved from the example is that the retail success cannot be just considered as profit but also states the creation of consumer value which mainly lead to the scenario of loyalty in stores. Finding The concept which is in the integration of the out store and the in store must go beyond the peripherals of the exchange of the information to mainly include the sharing of the information related to the cost. this is done to ensure the most effective trade-offs have been attended. These concepts are always taken into consideration as part of the logistics which are related to the retail and traditional retail merchandising fall short of what is basically needed to consider the successful handling of the merchandise Course concept In the scenario of the article the end customer should be given the main priority. Due to the factor that the customers play a very vital role in any business sphere. As taking an example as stated in the study the store B, the customers are not there for the socialization concept, discuss the merits of the merchandise and shop in a relaxed manner. Market segmentation offers a variety of benefits to the business for example better matching of the customer needs, enhanced business profit, retain more of the customers, target communication of the market and gain share of the segment of the market. The logistic strategy creates a sense of service level at which its logistics organization is at its most effective level relating to the cost. This is due to the factor that the concept of the logistics continuously changes and evolves. Any company may develop a number of logistics strategies for the specific countries, product line or specific customer. Linkage The vanguard method is mainly a proprietary method which is mainly delivered by vanguard consulting. The method mainly enables the manger to study the organisation details as taking consideration of it as a system. This method can be easily implemented in the framework in order to benefit from the concept (Agrawal 2016). The main framework which is applied is mainly from the point of view of the manager by which they study the organisation from the point of view of a system in order to gain organisational goals. The features of reverse logistics are: Slow: The slow of the reverse logistics mainly reflects in the slowdown of the accumulation on the amount of the reverse logistics, the complexity of the dealing process and the slow recovery value More beginning point: The biggest difference between the concept of the reverse logistics and the logistics is the number of starting point and the ending points. In the concept of the forward logistics the product moves from the starting point to many points. On the contrary in the process of the reverse logistics products move from many starting point to one destination. Poor predictability: In the forward logistics, the need of the future market demand is mainly taken into consideration. Each of the sections of the operating is based upon the market forecast and the whole process is very much predictable (Madsen 2016). References Agrawal, H.O., 2016. An Approach to Business Strategy. In Handbook of Research on Promotional Strategies and Consumer Influence in the Service Sector (pp. 154-182). IGI Global. Madsen, T.L., 2016. Business Policy and Strategy.

Movie Analysis of Pearl Harbor Using Principles of Interpersonal Communication

Constitutional and administrative law The WritePass Journal

Constitutional and administrative law Abstract Constitutional and administrative law has given powers to the Secretary of State to undertake certain administrative tasks such as the licensing of tyre storage and their destruction. A statement was also made that any decisions on the part of the Secretary of State cannot be challenged in a court of law, and the Secretary of State is given wide discretionary power under the statutory provisions. With this in mind and following certain concerns by three different companies, as well as a pressure group, the question has arisen as to whether or not the powers exercised by the Secretary of State in these scenarios could be subject to judicial review. Introduction The paper here will look, firstly, at the legal principles associated with judicial review, including identifying who may bring an action to judicial review and the grounds for such action, before applying this to the set of facts presented in relation to the individual entities in this case study. Judicial Review – Rules Judicial review provides a procedure whereby an individual or relevant group of individuals can bring an action in court to argue that a public body acted in an unlawful manner (IRC, 1982). Broadly speaking, judicial review will fall into one of three categories: where a public body has acted illegally, i.e. failing to apply the law in the relevant manner; has acted irrationally by making a logical decision; or has undertaken some form of procedural impropriety which means that it has not followed the correct procedure. Where an action for judicial review is successful, the court may then quash the act undertaken by the public body or may require it to review the situation or may refrain the body from acting in the manner that it has been acting, previously. A typical example of this would be a declaration by the High Court that the public body had acted in an unlawful manner and would therefore require it to act differently, in the future (Fulham Corporation 1921). Firstly, it is noted that judicial review is available against a decision made by a public body and, in this case, the Secretary of State for the Environment is a public body making public decisions and would therefore be potentially subject to judicial review, regardless of the statement that it cannot be held accountable in court (Hampshire Farmers Market Ltd., 2004). The individual bringing the action must also have sufficient standing in order to make the application (as defined by Section 31(3) of the Senior Courts Act 1981). In accordance with this section, it is stated that the permission shall not be given to bring an action, unless it is considered that the applicant has sufficient interest in the matter to bring the action (Gough, 1993). Having been allowed to bring an action to judicial review, the next stage is to identify the grounds for challenge of the public authority’s behaviour. Each of the three grounds will be looked at in turn, as each is potentially relevant, in this case. The classification of the grounds that will be discussed here was first established in the Minister for the Civil Service case decided in 1985. Under the heading of illegality, there are several grounds for challenge, with one of the most common aspects of this being where there are allegations that the legislation has been misinterpreted (Anisminic 1969).Crucially, a decision can be deemed to be illegal for the purposes of judicial review, if the decision making body has ignored relevant considerations, or is taking irrelevant considerations into account when making decisions. This is particularly relevant when it comes to a situation whereby the public authority has a relatively high level of discretion in applying the rules and regulations by which it is guided. It is however noted that where the public authority is taking into account legally relevant factors and the decision they make is ultimately rationale this cannot then be queried simply because one of the parties does not agree (ex parte Westminster City Council 1986). L Diplcok also placed a large emphasis on the second ground for challenging the actions of the public body which is on the basis of irrationality. He stated that the decision would be deemed to be irrational if it could be seen as â€Å"so, outrageous in its defiance of logic or accepted moral standards, that no sensible person, whether applied his mind to the question that have arrived at it.† (Associated Provincial 1948)This ground for judicial review is somewhat different than the other two in that it looks at the substance of the decision, but will only allow for judicial review where the decision is outrageous and again, not simply because one of the parties disagree (Barnett 2010). Secondly, also under the umbrella issue of irrationality is that of proportionality meaning that the public body needs to make proportional decisions in order to achieve the underlying aim of the powers given to the public authority. For example it may be seen as disproportionate to prevent a particular protest march from taking place where it would have been possible to protect public safety by simply choosing an alternative route. Proportionality is seen as being particularly relevant when it comes to the European convention on human rights is also an issue that is dealt with when looking at decisions relating to the application of the European convention on human rights under UK law. Fundamentally therefore, where the public body has acted in a way that is disproportionate this could be used as an example of irrationality and therefore offer an opportunity for judicial review (Daly, 2001). Finally there is the category of procedural impropriety which deals with an allegation that the public body has not used the processes and procedures required in order to make the decisions that it has made (Oliver 1987). A distinction is drawn between a procedural requirement which is perceived as being mandatory and a simple direction with any breach of a mandatory requirement allowing for judicial review on the grounds procedurally proprietary. There are also rules associated with natural justice, which are linked to procedural requirements and where it has been a breach of natural justice it is likely that judicial review of the procedurally proprietary will be allowed (Lloyd, 1987). For example, there are specific rules of natural justice, which ensured that no bias is shown and that each individual has the right to a fair hearing. An individual will have a legitimate expectation of how their case should be dealt with and a failure to offer the opportunity to have a fair hearing could result in procedural impropriety (Nottinghamshire CC 1986). Unlike other countries there is not a general requirement under English administrative law to give reasons for decisions however it may be required by statute to provide reasons and this would then prevail. Rules relating to legitimate expectation are also likely to be relevant as it is only reasonable that individuals form expectations on how their own situation will be treated and failure to comply with this can result in procedural impropriety (Fairmount 1976). Once an action for judicial review is successful, there are several different remedies which may be available, including a declaration of incompatibility as well as options for the court to nullify the decision made by the public authority by the requirement for the relevant authority to revisit their decision and to comply with the public authority duties that are relevant (Liverpool Corporation 1972). Bearing in mind the various different issues associated with judicial review the position in relation to the four possible claims for judicial review will be looked at in turn. Alpha Ltd (A) Two decisions have been made that A is confused by. These issues are firstly, the refusal to offer a grant for the recycling expansion due to environmental concerns and secondly, the requirement to cease trading due to the lack of licence. A stores no more than 1000 tyres at a time and these are shredded within 12 months. Schedule 1 (B) states that a licence is not required where the tyres are stored for less than 12 months and there are less than 1000 stored at any point in time. Based on this interpretation it would seem irrational that the Secretary of State for the Environment failed to allow the exemption to apply and this would result in a declaration being made and the position having to be re-considered. By contrast it is simply stated that a recycling grant would require the applicant to show that the waste to be recycled will not be harmful to the environment. It is argued here that the belief by the Secretary of State that the chosen recycling approach by A would be harmful and as such it would be appropriate to refuse the grant and could not be deemed to be irrational or disproportionate as it would seem reasonable to disallow a grant that would potentially support some form of non environmentally friendly approach. Beta Ltd (B) An application for a licence has been rejected by the Secretary of State by B as it is using technologies that are seen to be safe and have been proved as such in Germany but has not gained approval in the UK as is required under the statutory provisions. This presents a reasonably difficult position when it comes to judicial review as it could be argued that the Secretary of State has followed the requirements under the statutory provision yet has potentially acted in a disproportionate manner and has failed to take into account the tests that have taken place in Germany. Despite the potential argument of irrationality that B could put forward, it is suggested on balance that the Secretary of State has followed the processes contained within the statutory provisions and therefore it is unlikely that judicial review will be successful in this situation. Gamma Ltd (G) G has also been refused a licence despite having a strong environmental record. G was initially afforded a licence automatically however this was reneged and G was told to apply for a licence which was ultimately refused due to the previous investigations relating to the theft of tyres, this was not an environmental issue. It is also suggested that bias is being shown as the decision maker was involved in the original investigation. Bearing both of these points in mind it is suggested that the judicial review would be successful on the grounds of procedural improprietary on the grounds of bias as well as illegality as the rules contained within the statutory provision have not been applied appropriately with the relevant investigations needing to be environmental in nature if a licence is to be rejected. Tyred Out (T) T is a special interest group looking at environmental issues associated with the disposal of tyres and is arguing that Delta (D) should not be granted a licence due to a poor environmental record. Firstly it is concluded based on the concepts of material interest that T is able to bring an action for judicial review as it has sufficient interest. Secondly it has been put forward by the Secretary of State that a licence was granted based on the devastating potential on the employment in the area despite poor environmental records. It would be necessary to look therefore whether the decision was rational and proportionate, something which it is suggested based on the facts here that the decision was indeed appropriate and could not be deemed irrational. Discretion is given to the Secretary of State and this discretion has seemingly been applied appropriately making it unlikely that judicial review will be successful. Conclusions By looking at the specific rules and applying this to the four scenarios presented, it could be seen that there are mixed results with judicial review being likely to be successful in the case of Gamma Ltd and partly in relation to Alpha Ltd but would be unsuccessful in the other areas. References Anisminic Ltd v.Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147 Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v. Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223) Attorney-General v. Fulham Corporation, ex relatione Yapp [1921] 1 Ch 440, Barnett, H (2010) Constitutional Administrative Law, Taylor Francis Bradley, A.W. and Ewing, K.D., (2003) Constitutional and Administrative Law, Pearson. Council of Civil Service Unions v. Minister for Civil Service [1985] AC 374 Fairmount Investments Ltd v. Secretary of State for the Environment [1976] 1 WLR 1255 IRC v. NFSESB [1982] AC 617. Lloyd v McMahon [1987] AC 625 Nottinghamshire CC v. Secretary of State for the Environment [1986] 1 AC 240 Oliver, D (1987)Is the Ultra Vires Rule the Basis of Judicial Review? [1987] P.L. 543 R(Daly) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2001] 2 AC 532 R (on the application of Beer) v. Hampshire Farmers Market Ltd [2004] 1 WLR 233 R v. Gough [1993] AC 646 R v. Liverpool Corporation, ex parte Liverpool Taxis [1972] 3 WLR 224 Constitutional and Administrative Law Introduction Constitutional and Administrative Law IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction In British constitutional theory and practice there is a clear-cut distinction between law and convention.   Law derives from common law and statute, and is enforceable by the courts.   Convention derives from constitutional principle and practice and is not enforceable by the courts.   Law remains in force until changed by statute.   Convention may change with changing times.   Law, at least if statutory, is ascertainable in precise form.   Convention is often imprecise and may be nowhere formulated in categorical terms. (Professor H.W.R. Wade) Is this an accurate explanation of the distinctive nature of law and convention in relation to the British constitution? Professor H.W.R Wade produced a statement highlighting a clear-cut distinction between the nature of law and convention in relation to the British Constitution. Throughout this essay I shall critically asses the validity and accuracy of his explanation by taking an in depth look at key concepts, doctrines and comments to evaluate whether a distinction exists   between the nature of law and convention. Whilst Britain does not have a single codified document called ‘The Constitution’, it would be deceptive to assert that the constitution is unwritten. Indeed, Britain’s constitution has been cultivated from multiple key constitutional sources which make it possible to approach a description of the constitution. These sources can be found in the decisions of the courts in the form of dictum or in the interpretation of statute. With Britain being a member state of the European Union part of the constitution can emanate from EU Law, the Royal Prerogative, and a distinct part is found in historical arrangements and practices known as conventions. I shall be focusing primarily on the nature of law and conventions, in relation to the British constitution in order to assess whether a distinctions is visible between the two constitutional sources. Professor Wade asserts that â€Å"Law derives from common law and statute, and is enforceable by the courts. Convention derives from constitutional principle and practice is not enforceable by the courts†. Accordingly, it would be just to establish that from a precise detailed point of view, this statement can be seen to be contentious. This is primarily because Professor Wade highlights that the â€Å"Law derives from common law and statute† however what he seizes to base emphasis on is the mere fact that conventions set a key agenda in the crafting of statute and common law reasoning; in the words of Sir Ivor Jennings â€Å"conventions provide the flesh which clothes the dry bones of the law†[1] Thus, evidently the legal hierarchy of the British constitution is everywhere penetrated, transformed and inherently effected by an inevitable element of convention, and a failure to adhere to an important convention might lead Parliament to cast a disputed practice int o legislative form. An example of this is The Parliament Act 1911, which was enforced after the House of Lords exceeded conventional limits on its power, rejecting, in 1909, a finance bill (Lloyd George’s ‘People’s Budget’). This consequently undermines, to some extent, the clear-cut distinction Professor Wade respectively explains, in that, if conventions are so interconnected in the cultivation of   the natural form of law as mentioned above then a distinction cannot be clear-cut or even made, and this connection will always bind the natural law and conventions. Evidently the natural form of law is enforceable by the courts. Professor Wade makes a distinction here between the nature of law and convention by stating that â€Å"Law is enforceable by the courts.Convention is not enforceable by the courts† The issue here arises with regards to the validity of this statement. Are conventions indeed distinctly dissimilar to the nature of law in that they are not enforceable by the courts? Indeed, conventions are rules and are part of the constitutional order, interrelated and interwoven to some extent, however relatively distinguishable from the natural form of law as Professor Wade asserts. The key distinction is in the nature of the enforcement and of the sanction. As mentioned above the natural form of law is inherently enforced in the courts; however it could be debated as to whether conventions are fully applied in courts (discussed further below), conventions are most certainly non-legal but nonetheless binding rules of constitutional behaviour. A good example of this is the convention of ministerial responsibility. It is a convention which holds ministers wholly and individually responsible to Parliament. If a minister knowingly misleads parliament for example he or she will be expected to resign from office. If no resignation is forthcoming the minister would be acting unconstitutionally and NOT illegally. A court of law could not compel a resignation in this situation. Nonetheless, in the case of R. v Secretary of State for the Home Department Ex p. Hosenball[2] the court had relaxed the rules of natural justice â€Å"for the protection of the realm† in a case were the Secretary of State had considered information that Mr.Hosenball, while resident in the United Kingdom, had sought and obtained for publication information harmful to the security of the United Kingdom. This case proves that the courts were willing to shape up the natural form of the law and enforce a convention for public interest in order to ensure the security of the ‘realm’. A key point to address in this case was that the Secretary of State had not arguably acted fairly in that Mr.Hosenball was denied a fair trial. In today’s court this would infringe article 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998. Therefore, it would be fair to establish that in today’s courts the judiciary would have taken a different approach to tackling the aforementioned case. So is Professor Wade accurate in explaining that a distinction between the nature of law and convention exists on the basis that law is enforceable by the courts and convention is not? Certainly the above case contradicts to this to some extent; however a reluctance of the modern courts to enforce conventions has crafted this distinction, making Professor Wade’s distinction relatively accurate on this basis. However as highlighted by the convention of ministerial responsibility a distinction can be formed between a convention and the natural form of law on the basis that acting unconstitutionally differs from acting illegally as highlighted above. Professor Wade explains that a distinction exists between the nature of law and convention on the basis that â€Å"Law remains in force until changed by statute, and convention may change with changing times†. Accordingly Professor Wade is to some extent right in this distinction, in that we have seen numerous acts of parliament being superseded and changed by more modern statutes. Furthermore, it would be fair to establish that courts accept the validity of the acts of Parliament and have validated the concept of Parliamentary Sovereignty, and although the courts do not directly challenge legislation passed down by Parliament, a strong part of the constitution comprises of common law and not solely statute law, particularly in certain cases involving private law including tort and contract law. Thus to some extent it could be inaccurate and problematic to assert that â€Å"law remains in force until changed by statute†. Furthermore, Professor Wade, establishes that â€Å"conventions may change with changing times†. He is indeed relatively accurate in making this statement, as proven by the ‘Widdicombe Convention’ which was formally recorded to resolve any conventional ambiguities with regards to the media and publicity campaigns. This convention was effectively the result of the growing media and the influence it had on society. This convention inherently proves the accuracy of Professor Wade’s explanation that ‘conventions may change with times’. However the legitimacy of this distinction is inaccurate in a sense on the grounds that even the law may change with time, after all, this is why we have a parliament and a superior court system. With changes in society comes change in the law, this is the basic foundation of any competent legal system. Alas, this asserts that Professor Wade’s distinction is relatively inaccurate as both the natural form of la w and conventions change with time in order to sufficiently meet the ever changing needs of our society. Another distinction Professor Wade explains in his statement is that the â€Å"law, at least if statutory, is ascertainable in precise form, convention is often imprecise and may be nowhere formulated in categorical forms† To some extent it can be rather contentious to assert that statutory law is precise in its form. This is merely because a broad term may be used in a statute which can give rise to confusion and uncertainty, developments in society can make the words used in a statute out of date and they may no longer cover the current situation. An example of this is in Section 53, Coroners and Justice Act 2009 c. 25[3]. However the important distinction made here is the statement asserting that â€Å"conventions are often imprecise and may be nowhere formulated in categorical form†. A good authority which validly contradicts to this inaccurate distinction is the convention of ministerial responsibility which is included in the Ministerial Code, which is issued upon appointment to all ministers by the Prime Minister.   The convention clearly sets out the conventions and codes of practice as a minister. Thus, in conclusion after critically assessing Professor Wade’s explanation of the distinctive nature of law and convention in relation to the British constitution I have established that some of the distinctions he explains are more accurate than others. Initially the Parliament Act 1911 proved that failure to adhere to an important convention might lead Parliament to cast a disputed practice into legislative form which undermined Professor Wade’s explanation, and proves that convention can indeed constitute into law. Furthermore the case of R. v Secretary of State for the Home Department Ex p. Hosenball[4] proved that a convention could to some extent be enforceable in order to ensure the protection of the ‘realm’. I also established that Professor Wade was accurate in asserting that a â€Å"convention may change in time† as proven by the Widdicombe Convention, however his distinction could be seen as inaccurate as even the natural form of law can be changed in time to suit the needs of society. The convention of ministerial responsibility’s clarity contradicts Professor Wade’s distinction which stated that â€Å"that convention is imprecise in comparison to the precise form of law†. Therefore the aforementioned examples highlight that Professor Wade’s respective explanation although rightful in some aspects; the distinctions made can seem too broad and relatively inaccurate in some arspects in defining a convention and comparing it to the natural form of law. Bibliography Ward, R. (1997) Cases on Constitutional Administrative Law 4th edition, Pitman Publishing Horsey, K. (2009) Tort Law, Oxford University Press Leyland, P. (2007) The Constitution of the United Kingdom, Hart Publishing Turpin, C. (2007) British Government and the Constitution 6th edition, Cambridge University Press

Health Care Finance (Module 1) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Finance (Module 1) - Essay Example Texas does not prevent children whose parents have no citizenship from gaining aid benefits provided the child himself is a legal citizen or immigrant. No such condition is available in the state of Oklahoma (OKDHS). Texas also provides special aid for employees of the State of Texas (CHIP). However, for its own part, Oklahoma does indulge in providing benefits and services to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Aged and disabled (physical and mental) citizens are placed in one group by both states. Oklahoma provides aid to any aged individual under 65 while Texan aids its old citizens at the age of 60. Oklahoma is very specific of the conditions that must be met by an individual to attain aid: a mental or physical impairment, disease or loss must be able to continue for at least 12 months. Along with this it is vital for the individual to show how his disability prevents his employment or ability to work. If this is met, there is a further chance that this individual might not be able to receive full aid, instead getting deductions or co-payments. Texas has a comprehensive list for the citizens in need to choose a nursing home (private or hospital-based) or a nursing home for the mentally retarded.

Monetary policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monetary policy - Essay Example The RBA often determines the official cash rate after deciding on what monetary policy target it intends to attain (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012a). Such targets may include, increasing economic growth, lowering inflation. RBA uses open market operations to affect the changes of the official cash rate, which in turn trickles down to the financial system in the country. Although RBA changes the official cash rate through open market operations, the actual cash rates are often determined by supply and demand actions among banks. Each bank is free to determine the rate by which it lends to another bank. Changing the official cash rate however, impacts all other interest rates in the market which in turn impacts the supply and demand of money in the economic system (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012b; Lowe, 1995:1-2). The market rate of interest on the other hand is the rate that financial institutions charge its clients for borrowing money. This interest is often impacted by changes in the official cash rate, whereby increases in cash rate would imply that the banks are borrowing from other banks expensively and hence would also increase the interest rate that they charge their customers for borrowing money. A drop in the official cash rate would make it cheaper for the banks to borrow funds and hence competition among banks would reduce the market interest rate across the Australian Economy (Smales, 2011:52-55). The RBA decreases the cash rate through open market operations in order to ensure that the official cash rate that has been set is as close as possible to the actual cash rate exhibited in the market due to forces of demand and supply. Each financial institution in the country has an Exchange settlement account for which enable banks to settle payments between each and also with the RBA. Where RBA wants to reduce the cash rate, it would buy repurchase agreements (repos) or second-hand common wealth government securities (CGS) from the financial institutio ns in the economy. The RBA pays the banks using their exchange settlement accounts with the RBA which increases the amount that they have access to and can lend out (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012b; Kuttner and Mosser, 2002: 16). This increases the supply of money in the economy, and due to competition to lend out to borrowers, the cash rate as well as the market interest rates drop. This is as demonstrated in a simple Keynesian model below: As noted in the figure, when the RBA uses the open market mechanism to purchase government securities and repos, the money supply denoted by MS, moves from the original position MS to MS1 showing a rise in money supply. Since the supply money is inelastic relative to interest rates, the MS curve is perfectly inelastic. On the other hand, the demand for money changes with changes in interest rate. Hence as money supply increases in volume due to RBA purchasing repos and CGS, interest rates fall also drop. Answer two Effect of a decrease of inter est rate on: Consumption and Investment expenditures: a fall interest rates increases investment and consumption. As noted above, a fall in interest rates is as a result in an increase in money supply. This makes it possible for businesses and consumers increase their borrowing from banks at a lower rate of interest since it is cheaper to access loans. Hence, there would be an increase in consumption and investment expenditures financed by debt as businesses are able to access funds for capital goods such as equipments, and consumers are also able

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative

Management Practices Traditional vs Modern Innovative In last many years, few management accounting innovations has been developed. Managers have to make decision on a daily basis as well make decisions regarding the future and how to survive and grow in an energetic market place with ever growing uncertain circumstances. Traditional or modern management accounting system give relevant information to all levels of management, financial and other information to make decisions about planning, control of operations and identifying opportunities to add value. The modern management accounting practice are typically different from that of traditional management accounting as they enable managers to make sound decisions to minimize cost as well in the same time add value to the products and services by improving the quality of products, which is required by the customers, and reduce waste. In addition, the modern management accounting systems allow the organisation as whole to develop the innovative capacity of the organisation and flexibility so that it can continually change and improve performance financially as well in its non financial areas of performance. Traditional vs. Modern Innovative Traditional will focus on cost control and, in particular, what is recognized as variance analysis and which involves evaluating forecast outcomes with real outcomes for example for costs such as materials and labour. The types of activity, therefore, that management accountants have traditionally involved themselves with include: †¢ Cost analysis †¢ Cost control †¢ Budget preparation †¢ Budgetary control processes †¢ Cost/benefit analysis †¢ Investment appraisal. More modern, innovative approaches include initiatives such as: †¢ Business process re-engineering: This is about rethinking and re-designing business processes as a means of reducing costs and improving delivery †¢ Zero-based budgeting: re-thinking budgets in a way that engage justifying and prioritising all items of expenditure †¢ Activity-based management: looking at what actually causes costs to be incurred, and being better able to forecast and control costs †¢ Life cycle costing: considering a products costs over its entire life cycle (rather than just, for example, the initial building costs) †¢ Total quality management: the process of continuous quality improvement †¢ beyond budgeting: a challenge to traditional budgeting techniques via the use of more flexible and wide ranging processes †¢ Balanced scorecards: the use of key performance indicators within four different perspectives financial, customer, internal business process and learning/growth. Non financial performance measurement approached gained momentum as a result of dissatisfaction with the traditional techniques such as balance sheets and income statement, as technology increasing and increasing global competition, companies able to recognize better their fault and might to improve their existing capabilities and create new ones the most successful of these being Economic Value Added (EVA). Initially Return on Investment (ROI) was used to enhancement the intuition and insight of managers. It was used to send down the goal for division managers to meet from corporate office. Since managers reward and endorsement prospects depended on the ability to meet targets, these core managers has a strong incentive to adjust their information accordingly. Some businesses have built accounting teaching modules for their managers that help them recognize the detailed information they get. Management accountants have a vital responsibility in preparing and distributing training materials. Nowadays multifaceted managerial surroundings technical functions, particularly accounting, need to become more than suppliers of information. They must turn into a kind of an educating where managers can obtain training. So far in numerous organizations, accountants are too hectic to turn out to be instructors and internal reward systems likely depress such performances. As the range of management accounting messages enlarge to contain non-financial presentation indicators, management accountants get an additional challenge. Many managers have complexities visualizing the cause and result relationships that connect cost drivers to financial returns. Yet this is the key information needed to manage value, and education is regularly required to help managers recognize improved the reason and result relations that cause shareholder value. Increasing functional area means that managers are ever more detached from shareholder values. Many managers are powerfully devoted to the association without being dedicated to the financial aim that drives it. Management accountants have a responsibility to take part in instilling financial control and assigning financial values to non-financial managers. One technique is to need operating managers (rather than accountants) to systematically organize and present the financial study of their industry unit. At the similar occasion that the management accounting role must pay great amount of attention to the efficiency of its inner infrastructure processes, other demands are occurring. There is rising pressure to decrease on the whole cost of the finance function as a fraction of revenues. There are gradually more time consuming demands for more comprehensive external reporting. While these final goals are vital and must be achieved, setting the precedence there only boost the risk that internal accounting communications will be unsuccessful to get their objectives and that management accounting system modify will be further postponed. Conclusion As discussed above, the modern  management  accounting  relevant to modern organizational  management  issues as well rectify and reform the   traditional management   accounting  practices  to make decisions and specialized decisions based on relevant financial and non-financial information depending on the nature of activities, size, external circumstances and market conditions, customer profiles, organizational human resource issues, structural issues. Even the modern  management  accounting  is not additional but can be entirely different. As well, some are more appropriate to various organizations and some are not, given the internal  management  practices, size of organizations, top management  support, human resource  practices. Organizational structural issues, employee motivational factors, centralization decentralization issues. In other words, before considering implementing modern  management  accounting practices  the  management  must have a feasibility study considering the above issues and evaluate the cost and benefit of the systems in financial and non-financial terms. Otherwise the benefits are applied  without through evaluation and commitment by top  management, therefore the benefits of these  practices will not be realized fully. If carefully considered based on enough facts and not on emotions, then the modern  management  accounting  with other strategies will certainly help ful for  management  to make sound decisions and therefore contribute to the success of the organization than the  traditional  management accounting  practices.